Table 1.

Advantages and disadvantages of the main fabrication techniques for paper-based sensors.

Procedure	Advantages	Disadvantages
Wax Printing	Low-cost, easy fabrication, short fabrication time	Low resolution, unstable upon heating
Photolithography	High resolution, suitable for large-scale production	Expensive and sophisticated equipment, unstability against bending or folding
Inkjet Printing	Efficient, reduced cross-contamination, rapid fabrication, high resolution	Expensive bio-ink printer
Laser Cutting	Simple, inexpensive	Specialized equipment
PDMS	Low-cost, flexible	Low resolution, sophisticated equipment for fabrication of molds
Hot Embossing	Short fabrication time, efficient	Specialized equipment
Hydrophobic Silanization	Low-cost, rapid fabrication	Limitation with simple designs
Origami and Kirigami	Intricate and innovative designs, simple fabrication