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. 2018 Aug 29;19(9):2563. doi: 10.3390/ijms19092563

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© 2018 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effects of antioxidants in scavenging the DPPH radicals and ROS generation in the OA-treated cells. DPPH radical scavenging effect (%) of each antioxidant was compared by percentages based on the control level (A). The ROS level produced after treatment with antioxidant in OA-treated cells was determined using DCF-DA staining (B). DCF-DA-stained cell images (C). Data are represented as mean ± SD values (n = 4). Asterisk (*) indicates a significant difference compared with the control (p < 0.05). Sharp (#) indicates a significant difference among the experimental groups (p < 0.05).