Effects of antioxidant treatments on several genes related to FA oxidation in the OA-treated cells. ACO and CPT-1α, as β-oxidation-inducing enzymes, and their transcription factor, PPAR-α, were examined using real-time PCR for gene expressions. Data are represented as mean ± SD values (n = 6). Asterisk (*) indicates a significant difference compared with the control (p < 0.05). Sharp (#) indicates a significant difference among the experimental groups (p < 0.05). Dagger (†) indicates a significant difference compared with each other among the antioxidants, VC, NAC, and ATX, using one-way ANOVA (p < 0.05).