Figure 4.

The effect of FFO extract on the level of MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling proteins. (A–E) The DPC were stimulated with minoxidil (10 μM) or FFO extract (25 μg/mL) for 6 h or 24 h. Immunoblotting for vehicle, FFO extract and minoxidil-treated DPC lysate shows differential expression of phospho-Akt, phospho-ERK, phospho-p38 and phospho-JNK. β-Actin was used to confirm the same loading of proteins. Graphs represent the quantitative level of the proteins. The data are presented as the mean ± SD from three independent experiments. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. vehicle-treated control.