Table 1.
Summary of PET/SPECT of human IBD and animal models of colitis. - Not suitable for colitis imaging, + satisfactory image quality, ++ excellent image quality.
| Target | Tracers | Species | Model | Outcome | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leukocytes | 99mTc-HMPAO-leukocytes | Humans | UC | + | [21] |
| CXCL8 | 99mTc-CXCL8 | Humans | CD and UC | + | [49] |
| β7 | 64Cu-FIB504.64-Fab | Mice | DSS | + | [53] |
| α4β7 | 64Cu-DATK32 | Mice | DSS | + | [54] |
| β7 | 64Cu-FIB504.64-Fab | + | |||
| β7 | 64Cu-FIB504.64-F(ab′)2 (fragments) | ++ | |||
| CD4 | 89Zr-GK1.5 cys-diabody | Mice | DSS | ++ | [55] |
| TNF-α | 99mTc-Infliximab | Rats | TNBS | + | [52] |
| IgG | 111In-IgG | Rabbits | TNBS | - | [47] |
| Leukocytes | 111In-WBC | ++ | |||
| Liposomes | 111In-liposomes | + | |||
| IL-8 | 99mTc-HYNIC-IL-8 | Rabbits | TNBS | ++ | [48] |
| Granulocytes | 99mTc-HMPAO-Granulocytes | + |
Abbreviations: UC: ulcerative colitis. CD: Crohn’s disease. DSS: dextran sulphate sodium. TNBS: tri-nitro benzene sulphonic acid. WBC: white blood cell. Tc: technetium.