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. 2018 Sep 19;19(9):2830. doi: 10.3390/ijms19092830

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Possible routes of drug delivery to the retina via topical administration. After topical instillation, NPs generally distribute through three main pathways: tear turnover, anterior (cornea/conjunctiva), and the nasolarimal drainage system. RPE: retinal pigment epithelium; BRB: blood–retinal barrier.