OsGID1 positively mediates rice resistance to BPH. (a,b) Mean number of gravid BPH females per plant (+SE, n = 10) on pairs of plants (WT versus G1 or G11) in two-choice assays, 1–48 h after pairs were exposed to the herbivore. Inserts: Mean percentage of BPH eggs per plant (+SE, n = 10) on pairs of plants as stated above, 48 h after the release of BPH. (c) Mean hatching rate (+SE, n = 10) of BPH eggs on WT and oe-GID1 plants; (d) Mean developmental duration (+SE, n = 10) of BPH eggs on WT and oe-GID1 plants. Asterisks indicate significant differences in oe-GID1 plants, compared with WT plants (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, chi-square test); different letters indicate significant differences between oe-GID1 lines and WT plants (Duncan’s multiple range test, * p < 0.05).