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PAMPs from invaders are recognized by free, or cell-associated host receptors (PRRs). Typical PAMPs are: bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), bacterial peptidoglycans (PGNs), β-glucans from fungi (β-glu), lipoteichoic acid from Gram positive bacteria, bacterial flagellin and pilin, nucleic acid variants such as single or double-stranded RNA (ssRNA, dsRNA) and unmethylated CpG motifs (CpGDNA).
