. 2018 Sep 1;10(9):1211. doi: 10.3390/nu10091211

Table 1.

Soy bioactive peptides and their properties.

Soy Protein Source	Bioactive Peptide	Properties	Tested Model	Reference
βCG	YVVNPDNDEN	Hypocholesterolemic	HepG2 human liver cells	[36,37]
	YVVNPDNNEN	Hypocholesterolemic	HepG2 human liver cells	[36,37]
	LAIPVNKP	ACE inhibition	In vitro ACE inhibitory activity assay	[12,38]
	LPHF	ACE inhibition	In vitro ACE inhibitory activity assay	[12,38]
βCG (α’-subunit)	Soymetide-13: MITLAIPVNKPGR	Immunostimulating	Male ICR mice and fMLP receptor binding assay; Phagocytosis assay; Anti-alopecia in neonatal rat model	[12,34,39]
	Soymetide-9: MITLAIPVN			[34,39,40,41]
	Soymetide-4: MITL			[34,39,40,41]
	KNPQLR; EITPEKNPQLR; RKQEEDEDEEQQRE	FAS inhibitor	FAS inhibition studies; 3T3-L1mouse adipocyte	[16,42]
βCG (β-subunit)	Soymorphin-5: YPFVV	Anti-diabetic Triglyceride-lowering Immunostimulating Suppress feeding and intestinal transit	Guinea pig ileum assay opioid activity; Diabetic KKA^y mice	[39,43,44,45]
	Soymorphin-6: YPFVVN		Elevated Plus-Maze Test in Male ddY Mice
	Soymorphin-7: YPFVVNA		Male BALB/c and ddY mice
	VRIRLLQRFNKRS	Appetite suppressant	Male BALB/c and ddY mice; Male Sprague-Dawley rat; Mouse intestinal STC-1 cells	[9,39,46,47,48]
Glycinin	IAVPGEVA	Hypocholesterolemic Anti-diabetic	HMGR activity assay; HepG2 human liver cells; DPP-IV activity assay	[9,36,49,50]
	IAVPTGVA			[36,50,51,52]
	LPYP			[36,37,39,49,53]
	VLIVP	ACE inhibition	ACE inhibitory assay	[12]
	SPYP
	WL
	SFGVAE	Hypocholesterolemic	HMGR activity	[49]
	HCQRPR	Phagocytosis stimulatory peptide	Macrophages; Human polymorphonuclear leukocytes; C3H/He mouse	[16,39,54]
	QRPR	Phagocytosis stimulatory peptide		[16,39,54]
Glycinin (A4 and A5)	LPYPR	Hypocholesterolemic	Mice at dose of 50 mg/kg for 2 days; HMGR activity assay;	[9,16,34,39,53]
Glycinin (A4 and A5)	NWGPLV	ACE inhibition	Spontaneously Hypertensive model rats	[9,12,55]
Lunasin	SKWQHQQDSCRKQKQ GVNLTPCEKHIMEKIQ GRGDDDDDDDDD	Antioxidative Anti-inflammatory Anti-cancer Hypocholesterolemic	Suppression of skin papilloma development in SENCAR mice by acting as an antimitotic agent; Synergistically works with cytokines (IL-12 or IL-2) to improve the tumoricidal activity of natural killer cells in in vitro and in vivo tumor models; TEN-mediated apoptosis of MCF-7 breast cancer cells; Inhibits production of HMGR and increases LDLR expression; Antioxidant in Caco-2 cells; Inhibit ROS generation in HepG2 cells; Inhibit proinflammatory cascades in THP-1 macrophages	[11,12,16,29,56]
Bowman-Birk Inhibitor		Anti-cancer Proteinase inhibition Chemoprevention	50% reduction in the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities and sister chromatid exchange in blood syndrome patients; Shrink precancerous lesions in the mouth that lead to oral cancer called leukoplakia in humans in Phase I and II clinical trials; Reduction in the level of serum PSA in males with benign prostatic hyperplasia; Blocks the generation of ROS in prostate cancer cells (BRF-55T, 267B1/Ki-ras, LNCaP, and PC-3 cells); protected Balb c/3T3 cells (clones A 31) exposed to UVC irradiation and reduced transformation;	[57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65]
	Vglycin	Anti-diabetic	Normalize fasting glucose and restore pancreatic function in Type 2 diabetic Wistar rats	[66]
Glycinin, βCG-α, βCG-α’, βCG-β, Trypsin Inhibitor & Lipoxygenase	KA	Triglyceride-lowering	HepG2 cells; Male Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty rats; Male Wistar rats	[67,68]
Glycinin, Trypsin Inhibitor & Lipoxygenase	VK
Glycinin, βCG-α, βCG-α’, βCG-β & Lipoxygenase	SY
Defatted soy protein	X-MLPSYSPY	Anti-cancer	Arrest P388D1 mouse monocyte macrophages at G2/M phase to block cell cycle progression	[16,34,69]
Soy protein	YVVFK; IPPGVPYWT; PNNKPFQ; NWGPLV; TPRVF	Hypotensive	Spontaneously hypertensive rats	[16,34,69]
		Anti-inflammatory	Postmenopausal women; ApoE knockout mice	[70,71,72,73,74]
	WGAPSL; VAWWMY; FVVNATSN	Hypocholesterolemic	Rats; HepG2 cells	[12,16,39]
Soybean	PGTAVFK	Hypotensive	IC₅₀ = 26.5 µM	[16,34]
Soybean	IVF; LLF; LNF; LSW; LEF	ACE inhibition	ACE inhibitory activity assay and UPLC-MS/MS	[75]
Flavouzyme^®-treated soy protein isolate	ILL; LLL; VHVV	Lipolysis	3T3-L1 mouse adipocytes	[76]
Chymotrypsin Korean fermented soybean paste	HHL	Hypotensive	Spontaneously hypertensive rats	[77]
Genetically modified soybean protein	LLPHH; RPLKPW	Antioxidative; Antihypertensive		[34]
Black soybean protein	IQN	Adipogenesis inhibition	3T3-L1 mouse adipocytes	[16,78]
Soymilk	RQRK; VIK	Anti-inflammatory	RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages	[79]
Protease (PROTIN SD-NY10) treated soy milk	FFYY; WHP; FVP; LHPGDAQR; IAV; VNP; LEPP; WNPR	ACE inhibition	ACE inhibitory activity assay	[39,80]
Fermented soybean, Bacillus natto or subtilis	VAHINVGK		ACE inhibitory activity assay and simulated gastrointestinal digestion	[81]
Fermented soybean, Bacillus natto or subtilis	YVWK			[81]
Fermented soybean seasoning	SY GY		Spontaneously hypertensive rats	[82,83]