Table 1.
Description of the study population of healthy pregnant Spanish women.
| Variable | Cases (n = 518) n (%) |
Controls (n = 518) n (%) |
p-Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marital status | 0.036 | ||||
| Single | 37 | (7.1) | 42 | (8.1) | |
| Stable couple | 161 | (31.1) | 124 | (23.9) | |
| Married | 320 | (61.8) | 352 | (68.0) | |
| Education level | 0.084 | ||||
| Primary | 112 | (21.6) | 93 | (17.9) | |
| High school, not finished | 42 | (8.1) | 28 | (5.4) | |
| High school | 185 | (35.7) | 190 | (36.7) | |
| University | 179 | (34.6) | 207 | (40.0) | |
| Income (Euros/month) | 0.009 | ||||
| <1000 | 146 | (28.2) | 145 | (24.1) | |
| 1000–1999 | 245 | (47.3) | 218 | (42.1) | |
| 2000–2999 | 99 | (19.1) | 129 | (24.9) | |
| ≥3000 | 28 | (5.4) | 46 | (8.9) | |
| Kessner index (prenatal care) | 0.737 | ||||
| Adequate | 259 | (50.0) | 253 | (48.8) | |
| Intermediate | 185 | (35.7) | 182 | (35.2) | |
| Inadequate | 74 | (14.3) | 83 | (16.0) | |
| Smoking during pregnancy | 149 | (28.8) | 80 | (15.4) | <0.001 |
| Previous preterm/low birthweight Newborn | 64 | (12.4) | 46 | (5.0) | <0.001 |
| Weight gain during pregnancy (g/week), mean (SD) | 278 | (121) | 310 | (114) | <0.001 |
| Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI), mean (SD) | 23.1 | (4.5) | 23.9 | (4.1) | <0.001 |
| Total energy intake (kcal/day), mean (SD) | 2547 | (561) | 2493 | (538) | 0.118 |
| Alcohol intake (g/week), mean (SD) | 4.2 | (18.5) | 3.1 | (15.2) | 0.312 |
SD: Standard deviation.