Table 4.
Trichopoulou and Panagiotakos scores and risk of SGA for entire sample and stratified on degree of SGA.
| Cases n (%) | Controls n (%) | cOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trichopoulou Score | ||||
| All SGA | ||||
| (n = 518) | (n = 518) | |||
| ≤2 | 109 (21.0) | 74 (14.3) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| 3–4 | 203 (39.2) | 228 (44.0) | 0.59 (0.41–0.85) * | 0.53 (0.36–0.78) * |
| 5–6 | 161 (31.1) | 180 (34.8) | 0.59 (0.40–0.86) * | 0.59 (0.39–0.88) * |
| >6 | 45 (8.7) | 36 (7.0) | 0.84 (0.50–1.43) | 0.92 (0.51–1.64) |
| p for trend | 0.289 | 0.612 | ||
| ≤2 vs. ≥3 | 0.62 (0.42–0.86) * | 0.58 (0.41–0.84) * | ||
| Moderate SGA, Percentiles 6–10 | ||||
| (n = 323) | (n = 323) | |||
| ≤2 | 71 (22.0) | 43 (13.3) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| 3–4 | 135 (41.8) | 143 (44.3) | 0.52 (0.33–0.82) * | 0.55 (0.34–0.89) * |
| 5–6 | 95 (29.4) | 116 (35.9) | 0.43 (0.27–0.69) * | 0.47 (0.28–0.78) * |
| >6 | 22 (6.8) | 21 (6.5) | 0.73 (0.37–1.46) | 0.73 (0.35–1.52) |
| p for trend | 0.040 | 0.075 | ||
| ≤2 vs. ≥3 | 0.53 (0.34–0.82) * | 0.49 (0.31–0.79) * | ||
| Severe SGA, Percentiles ≤5 | ||||
| (n = 195) | (n = 195) | |||
| ≤ 2 | 38 (19.4) | 31 (15.9) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| 3–4 | 68 (34.9) | 85 (43.6) | 0.62 (0.34–1.12) | 0.57 (0.29–1.10) |
| 5–6 | 66 (33.9) | 64 (32.8) | 0.84 (0.46–1.54) | 0.77 (0.40–1.51) |
| >6 | 23 (11.8) | 15 (7.7) | 1.23 (0.57–2.68) | 1.44 (0.60–3.43) |
| p for trend | 0.437 | 0.302 | ||
| ≤2 vs. ≥3 | 0.77 (0.45–1.32) | 0.74 (0.41–1.33) | ||
| Panagiotakos Score | ||||
| All SGA | ||||
| (n = 518) | (n = 518) | |||
| ≤ 26 | 129 (24.9) | 116 (22.4) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| 27–28 | 107 (20.7) | 103 (19.9) | 0.93 (0.63–1.35) | 0.93 (0.62–1.45) |
| 29–30 | 109 (21.0) | 120 (23.2) | 0.80 (0.56–1.16) | 0.77 (0.51–1.15) |
| 31–32 | 95 (18.3) | 77 (14.9) | 1.09 (0.73–1.63) | 1.05 (0.67–1.65) |
| > 32 | 78 (15.1) | 102 (19.7) | 0.68 (0.46–1.02) | 0.67 (0.43–1.05) |
| p for trend | 0.078 | 0.097 | ||
| ≤28 vs. ≥29 | 0.87 (0.68–1.12) | 0.84 (0.64–1.11) | ||
| Moderate SGA, Percentiles 6–10 | ||||
| (n = 323) | (n = 323) | |||
| ≤26 | 91 (28.2) | 69 (21.4) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| 27–28 | 71 (22.0) | 58 (18.0) | 0.91 (0.56–1.48) | 1.00 (0.58–1.22) |
| 29–30 | 59 (18.3) | 83 (25.7) | 0.52 (0.32–0.84) * | 0.49 (0.29–0.85) * |
| 31–32 | 56 (17.3) | 45 (13.9) | 0.90 (0.53–1.52) | 0.85 (0.46–1.57) |
| >32 | 46 (14.2) | 68 (21.0) | 0.48 (0.28–0.80) * | 0.47 (0.26–0.86) * |
| p for trend | 0.008 * | 0.015 * | ||
| ≤28 vs. ≥29 | 0.62 (0.45–0.87) * | 0.57 (0.39–0.83) * | ||
| Severe SGA, Percentiles ≤5 | ||||
| (n = 195) | (n = 195) | |||
| ≤26 | 38 (19.5) | 47 (24.1) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| 27–28 | 36 (18.5) | 45 (23.1) | 1.00 (0.54–1.87) | 0.79 (0.39–1.59) |
| 29–30 | 50 (25.6) | 37 (19.0) | 1.63 (0.89–2.98) | 1.53 (0.79–2.97) |
| 31–32 | 39 (20.0) | 32 (16.4) | 1.52 (0.80–2.90) | 1.42 (0.69–2.90) |
| >32 | 32 (16.4) | 34 (17.4) | 1.22 (0.64–2.33) | 1.06 (0.51–2.23) |
| p for trend | 0.610 | 0.770 | ||
| ≤28 vs. ≥29 | 1.33 (0.81–2.20) | 1.19 (0.69–2.07) | ||
aOR: Adjusted odds ratio by income, smoking, previous preterm/low birthweight newborn, energy intake, newborn’s gender, and pre-pregnancy BMI; cOR: Crude odds ratio and confidence intervals (95% CI); * Significant association.