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. 2018 Sep 18;19(9):2825. doi: 10.3390/ijms19092825

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© 2018 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Oxidative stress-protective and anti-melanogenic effects of Pj-EE. (a) Measurement of the ABTS radical scavenging ability of Pj-EE. (b,c) MTT assay of the viability of HaCaT cells treated with Pj-EE alone or with Pj-EE plus H₂O₂. (d) RT-PCR analysis of HO-1 gene expression in HaCaT cells treated with H₂O₂ and Pj-EE. (e) Western blot analysis of expression of NRF2-KEAP1 signaling pathway proteins in H₂O₂- and/or Pj-EE-treated HaCaT cells. (f) MTT assay of the viability of B16F10 cells treated with Pj-EE. (g) Measurement of melanin secretion by melanin secretion assay in B16F10 cells treated with α-MSH and Pj-EE. (h) Measurement of melanin production by melanin content assay in B16F10 cells after treatment with α-MSH and Pj-EE. (i) Western blot analysis of expression of MC1R signaling pathway proteins in α-MSH- and/or Pj-EE-treated B16F10 cells. Statistical significance (a,c,g,h) was evaluated using the Kruskal–Wallis/Mann–Whitney test. ^## p < 0.05 compared with normal group, and * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01 compared with control.

Oxidative stress-protective and anti-melanogenic effects of Pj-EE. (a) Measurement of the ABTS radical scavenging ability of Pj-EE. (b,c) MTT assay of the viability of HaCaT cells treated with Pj-EE alone or with Pj-EE plus H₂O₂. (d) RT-PCR analysis of HO-1 gene expression in HaCaT cells treated with H₂O₂ and Pj-EE. (e) Western blot analysis of expression of NRF2-KEAP1 signaling pathway proteins in H₂O₂- and/or Pj-EE-treated HaCaT cells. (f) MTT assay of the viability of B16F10 cells treated with Pj-EE. (g) Measurement of melanin secretion by melanin secretion assay in B16F10 cells treated with α-MSH and Pj-EE. (h) Measurement of melanin production by melanin content assay in B16F10 cells after treatment with α-MSH and Pj-EE. (i) Western blot analysis of expression of MC1R signaling pathway proteins in α-MSH- and/or Pj-EE-treated B16F10 cells. Statistical significance (a,c,g,h) was evaluated using the Kruskal–Wallis/Mann–Whitney test. ^## p < 0.05 compared with normal group, and * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01 compared with control.