Figure 2.

Low dose of fermented ginseng extract sample A provided protection against rgH5N1 influenza virus during primary and secondary infection. Groups of mice (n = 5, wild-type C57BL/6) mice were intranasally (IN) infected with a mixture of 10 LD₅₀ of A/Vietnam/1203/2004 (rgH5N1) virus and fermented ginseng sample A or B at different doses (20, 50, 100, 500 μg). After 14 days of body weight monitoring, the serum sample was collected to detect the levels of IgG and IgG isotypes using an ELISA method. The mice that survived from the first infection were challenged again with rgH5N1 (10 LD₅₀). (A) Body weight change after the first infection (10 LD₅₀, rgH5N1) and (B) body weight change after the second infection (15 LD₅₀, rgH5N1). (C) rgH5N1-specific IgG, (D) IgG1, and (E) IgG2c after the first infection. F.B.A: rgH5N1 virus + fermented ginseng sample A; F.G.B: H5N1 virus + fermented ginseng sample B; rgH5N1 only: virus infection without ginseng samples.