Figure 5.

In vivo protection against A/WSN/1933 (H1N1) virus in wild-type BALB/c mice after inoculation with a mixture of fermented ginseng extracts and the virus. Groups of mice (n = 5) were infected with a mixture of A/WSN H1N1 virus and fermented ginseng sample A (250 μg). Lung viral titers were determined in the lung extracts at day 6 postinfection. (A) F.G.A 250 μg: mixed 250 μg of F.G.A with A/WSN (1× LD₅₀) influenza virus; Ginseng only: no WSN virus, just mock infection with 1 mg F.G.A; F.G.A 1 mg postinfection: mice infected with WSN H1N1 first, treated with 1 mg F.G.A one hour postinfection, then treated with 1 mg every 1 h, for five times; H1N1 WSN only: virus infection only. (B) Lung viral titers from the mice at day 6 postinfection. (C) ELISA for IL-6 in lung. (D) Lung histopathology. Mock: no virus, no ginseng; F.G.A: F.G.A 1 mg postinfection; WSN H1N1 only: same as the description above. Magnification: 100×, Scale bars: 50 μm. Ginseng only: inoculation with ginseng, no viruses. *** indicates statistical significance, p < 0.0005 between F.G.A and comparing groups.