Table 1.

Foliar zeaxanthin, lutein, and β-carotene levels immediately following the NPQ measurements shown in Figure 1 for wild-type Col-0 and the vte1, npq1, npq4, and npq1 npq4 mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana grown at 35 °C.

Carotenoid Levels	Col-0	vte1	npq1	npq4	npq1 npq4
Zeaxanthin, mmol mol−1 Chl	35 ± 1	35 ± 1	2.1 ± 0.5 ***	35 ± 3	2.1 ± 0.3 ***
Zeaxanthin, % of VAZ pool	65 ± 1	64 ± 2	3.9 ± 0.9 ***	63 ± 3	4.0 ± 0.7 ***
Lutein, mmol mol−1 Chl	142 ± 1	145 ± 4	142 ± 0	142 ± 2	142 ± 0
β-carotene, mmol mol−1 Chl	83 ± 5	82 ± 3	87 ± 2	86 ± 2	83 ± 5

Mean values ± standard deviations (n = 3). Significant differences (Student’s t-test) between mutants and wild-type Col-0 are indicated by asterisks; *** = p < 0.001. Chl = chlorophyll a + b, VAZ = Violaxanthin + Antheraxanthin + Zeaxanthin.