Table 1.

Review table of literature review findings.

Studies	Designs/Setting	Incidence			Mortality					Cost			Comments
		Not Specified	60–64	>65	In-Hospital	At 1 Year		At 2/5 Year		Hospital	Post Hospital	Readmissions
Angus et al. (2001) [14]	Observational/50 nonfederal hospitals in US		5/1000	26/1000	Hospital mortality rate estimated at 28%					⚬Surgical patients: 30K ⚬Medical patients: 19 K (p < 0.0001)			1.5% increase in the cases of sepsis per annuum
Dombrovskiy et al. (2007) [15]	Trend analysis from 1993–2003												Percentage of cases of severe sepsis increased from 25% to 44%
Martin et al. (2003) [17]	Review of discharge data over 22 years and 10 million cases of sepsis	82/100,000 in 1979 vs. 240,000 in 2000											8% annual increase in the incidence of sepsis
Gaieski et al. (2013) [18]	Four national data between 2004–2009	13% yearly increase incidence of sepsis
Hall et al. (2011) [21]	Review of 2008 National Hospital Discharge Survey				17% in-hospital deaths								Compared to 2% of deaths from conditions other than sepsis
Pfuntner et al., 2013 [31]	Data analysis of hospital costs in 2011									Highest aggregate cost of hospital among adults with septicemia estimated around $ 20 billion in 2011 or $ 55 million daily			This represents an 11% increase yearly since 1997
Wang et al. (2007) [16]	Analysis of data 2001–2004	⚬2.3 million cases of severe sepsis ⚬570,000 cases annually
Lee et al. (2004) [34]	Analysis of data on 800 severe sepsis patients					12% death					Mean cost for year 1 was 14K–35K		⚬Risk of death increased with age ⚬PPPM outpatient and pharmacy cost was $ 1300
Weycker et al. (2003) [25]	Retrospective study. Data from US insurance claims 1991–2000				Estimate mortality: 21%	Doubled at 51%		Estimate mortality: 74%		Admission cost 45 K	⚬At 1 year: 78K ⚬At 5 year: 119K		⚬50% discharge home ⚬30% discharged to outside facility
Jagodic et al., (2006) [26]	Observational: long term survival of sepsis vs. trauma patients				⚬Mortality 58 % vs. 38% (p = 0.002) ⚬Post hospital mortality 22% vs. 8% (p = 0.049) ⚬2 years mortality 67% vs. 43% (p = 0.0002)
Goodwin et al. (2015) [28]	Observational/data analysis/HCUP											⚬Average cost: $ 25K ⚬Cumulative cost at 180 days: $ 1.1 billions	⚬26% readmissions at 30 days ⚬48% readmissions at 180 days
Prescott et al. (2014) [27]	Observational 1998–2005 Health Retirement Survey							44% was the 1 year mortality					Significantly different than matched nonspesis cohort, 31% vs. 15% (p < 0.01)
Braun et al. (2004) [29]	Retrospective data analysis 1995–1999	⚬<50 years old: 1 per 1000 ⚬>50 years old: 4 per 1000			20% deaths. The odds of death were 9 for ages 80 and older					Average cost of $ 26K
Karlsson et al. (2007) [24]	Prospective Study/24 ICUs and 21 hospitals						One year mortality: 40%		2 years mortality: 42%				2 fold increase in mortality for adults >65 years of age (40% vs. 20%)