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Molecular structures of (A) long PIN proteins (PIN1–4, 6 and 7) and (B) short PIN proteins (PIN 5 and 8). The PIN proteins harbor a typical central long hydrophilic loop (HL) between amino- and carboxy-terminal ends with five transmembrane domains (TD) spanning on the plasma membrane (PM). The phosphosites on the HL of long PINs are shown [6]. The conserved HC1–HC4 regions in the central loop domain are also indicated according to Bennett et al. [36].
