Figure 4.

Increases in chitosan concentration could enhance the killing ability against microbial cells. Planktonic cells of (A) S. aureus, (B) P. aeruginosa, and (C) C. albicans subjected with TBO-mediated PDI were then incubated with different concentrations of chitosan for 30 min. For PDI, 10 μM TBO was used in S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. For C. albicans, 100 μM TBO was used. After light irradiation (50 J cm⁻²), cells were further incubated with different concentrations of chitosan as indicated for 30 min. Each value is the mean obtained from three independent experiments ± SD.