Table 2.
Characterization of targeted therapy.
| Target Therapy Class | Target | Total Cohort | Control Group | Combinational Group | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 310 | n = 126 | n = 184 | |||
| Monoclonal antibodies | |||||
| bevacizumab, n (%) | VEGFR | 76 (24.5) | 11 (8.7) | 65 (35.3) | *** a) |
| cetuximab, n (%) | EGFR | 23 (7.4) | 5 (4.0) | 18 (9.8) | — |
| panitumumab, n (%) | EGFR | 12 (3.9) | 2 (1.6) | 10 (5.4) | — |
| rituximab, n (%) | CD20 | 33 (10.6) | 27 (21.4) | 6 (3.3) | *** a) |
| trastuzumab, n (%) | HER2 | 107 (34.5) | 61 (48.4) | 46 (25.0) | *** a) |
| Immunotherapy | |||||
| ipilimumab, n (%) | CTLA-4 | 1 (0.3) | — | 1 (0.5) | — |
| nivolumab, n (%) | PD-1 | 3 (1.0) | — | 3 (1.6) | — |
| pembrolizumab, n (%) | PD-1 | 5 (1.6) | 2 (1.6) | 1 (0.5) | — |
| Tyrosine kinase inhibitors | |||||
| erlotinib, n (%) | EGFR | 38 (12.3) | 3 (2.4) | 35 (19.0) | *** a) |
| gefitinib, n (%) | EGFR | 9 (2.9) | 3 (2.4) | 6 (3.3) | — |
| sorafenib, n (%) | Dual Raf-kinase/VEGFR | 7 (2.3) | — | 7 (3.8) | — |
| sunitinib, n (%) | Receptor tyrosine kinases | 7 (2.3) | 1 (0.8) | 6 (3.3) | — |
Most frequent applied targeted therapies in the control (targeted therapy) and combinational group (targeted + VA) with their respective molecular targets. n, number of patients; %, as percent from total patient number n from each group; Significance code: a) p ≤ 0.001, “—” not statistically significant; CTLA-4, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4; CD20, B-lymphocyte antigen CD20; EGFR, endothelial growth factor receptor; HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; PD1, programmed cell death protein 1; Raf, rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma; VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor.