Table 5.

Serum lipid levels before and after four-week dietary intervention with alcohol-free and traditional beer in subjects with LDLc at baseline below and above 130 mg/dL.

	Alcohol-Free Beer Intervention				Traditional Beer Intervention
	Before	After	Δ	p-Value	Before	After	Δ	p-Value
Serum lipids-subjects with LDL < 130 mg/dL
CT (mg/dL)	170.5 ± 3.5	176.5 ± 4.0	+6.0	0.14	170.6 ± 2.5	179.1 ± 3.8	+8.6	0.04
HDLc (mg/dL)	46.3 ± 2.2	47.0 ± 2.2	+0.7	0.34	46.6 ± 1.7	48.8 ± 1.7	+2.2	0.01
Non-HDLc (mg/dL)	124.2 ± 3.1	129.5 ± 4.3	+5.2	0.17	124.9 ± 2.6	130.5 ± 3.7	+5.6	0.12
LDLc (mg/dL)	108.8 ± 2.9	112.4 ± 3.5	+3.6	0.35	109.9 ± 2.2	114.2 ± 3.4	+4.3	0.18
VLDLc (mg/dL)	15.4 ± 1.4	17.1 ± 1.6	+1.6	0.08	15.0 ± 1.1	16.3 ± 1.3	+1.3	0.13
TG (mg/dL)	76.8 ± 6.8	84.9 ± 8.1	+8.2	0.08	74.7 ± 5.3	81.2 ± 6.7	+6.6	0.13
Serum lipids-subjects with LDL > 130 mg/dL
CT (mg/dL)	215.6 ± 3.7	211.3 ± 6.9	−4.3	0.49	226.1 ± 5.5	221.4 ± 4.6	−4.7	0.22
HDLc (mg/dL)	49.7 ± 2.5	49.3 ± 2.6	−0.3	0.82	50.9 ± 3.5	49.7 ± 3.0	−1.1	0.46
Non-HDLc (mg/dL)	165.9 ± 2.6	161.9 ± 5.7	−4.0	0.43	175.2 ± 3.9	171.6 ± 4.8	−3.5	0.52
LDLc (mg/dL)	147.2 ± 2.5	144.1 ± 5.3	−3.1	0.51	157.2 ± 4.8	149.9 ± 4.7	−7.3	0.16
VLDLc (mg/dL)	18.7 ± 1.7	17.8 ± 1.9	−0.9	0.45	17.9 ± 1.5	21.7 ± 3.0	+3.7	0.22
TG (mg/dL)	92.9 ± 8.7	88.4 ± 9.3	−4.5	0.45	89.2 ± 7.6	107.8 ± 14.9	+18.6	0.22

Serum lipid values for subjects with moderate CVD risk (LDL < 130 mg/dL) and high (LDL > 130 mg/dL) are given as mean ± SEM. Differences for values before and after four-week intervention with alcohol-free and traditional beer were analyzed by paired Student’s t-test. ∆ Percentage of change in plasma lipids levels after four-week intervention with alcohol-free and traditional beer. p ≤ 0.05 indicates statistical significance. TC, total cholesterol; HDL, high density lipoproteins; LDL, low density lipoproteins; TG, triglycerides; VLDL, very-low density lipoproteins.