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. 2018 Aug 25;10(9):1168. doi: 10.3390/nu10091168

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© 2018 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Suggested mechanistic pathway of different flavonoids in the activation of non-shivering thermogenesis in BAT and WAT. AC; adenylyl cyclase, AMPK; AMP-activated protein kinase, ATP; adenosine triphosphate, β-AR; beta-adrenergic receptor, cAMP; cyclic AMP, C/EBPβ; CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta CPT1α; carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 alpha, HSL; hormone sensitive lipase, PGC1α; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha, PKA; protein kinase A, PRDM16; positive regulatory domain containing 16, p38 MAPK; p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, SIRT1; silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1, TAG; triacylglycerol, UCP1; uncoupling protein 1, WNT; wingless type.