Table 2.
Selection of acupuncture points of randomized control trials for treatment of lower back pain.
| Authors | Local Points | Distant Points | Other Points |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pach et al. (2013) [218] | BL 23, 24, 25 | BL 40, 60; GB 34; K 3 | - |
| Molsberger et al. (2002) [219] | BL 23, 25; GB 30 | BL 40, 60; GB 34 | 4 Ashi Points of maximum pain |
| Weiß et al. (2013) [220] | NA | NA | - |
| Inoue et al. (2006) [221] | - | - | Single Ashi Point at the most painful point |
| Giles et al. (2003) [222] | 8 to 10 needles were placed in local paraspinal intramuscular maximum pain areas | Approximately 5 needles were placed in distal acupuncture point | - |
| Haake et al. (2007) [223] | 14 to 20 needles were inserted but exact locations were not mentioned | ||
| Brinkhaus et al. (2006) [224] | At least 4 local points: BL 20 to 34; BL 50 to 54; GB 30; GV 3, 4, 5, 6 |
At least 2 distant points: SI 3; BL 40, 60, 62; K 3, 7; GB 31, 34, 41; LR 3; GV 14, 20 |
Extraordinary Points: Huatojiaji & Shiqizhuixia |
| Cho et al. (2013) [225] | Points were chosen according to 3 types of meridian patterns: 1. Gallbladder Meridian: 12, 26, 30, 34, 41 2. Bladder Meridian: 23, 24, 25, 37, 40 3. Mixed Meridian: ST 4, 36; SP 13, 14; GV 3, 4, 5, 24, 26 |
||
| Cherkin et al. (2001) [226] | NA | NA | - |
| Cherkin et al. (2009) [227] | 1. Individualized Acupuncture: Averaged of 10.8 needles, chosen from 74 points, half from Bladder meridian 2. Standardized Acupuncture: 8 acupuncture points commonly used for chronic low back pain (GV 3, BL 23 *, BL 40 *, K 3 *, Low Back Ashi Point) 3. Simulated Acupuncture: Using toothpick on acupuncture points |
||
| Yun et al. (2012) [228] | GV 3; BL 23 | BL 40; K 3 | Low Back Ashi Points, Back-Pain Points ^ |
| Zhang et al. (2017) [229] | BL 25 | - | Extraordinary Points: JiaJi * (Ex-B2) |
| Thomas et al. (1994) [230] | BL 23, 25, 26, 32; GB 30, 34 |
BL 40, 60; SI 6; ST 36 | - |
| Glazov et al. (2014) [231] | An average of 9 points were used: GV 13%, BL 37%, GB 13%, other meridians 16%, Ashi Points 14%, Extraordinary Points 7% |
||
| Shin et al. (2015) [232] | GV 3, 4, 5; BL 23 *, 24 *, 25 *; GB 30 * |
BL 40 * | - |
BL = Bladder; GB = Gallbladder; GV = Governor Vessel; K = Kidney; LR = Liver; SP = Spleen; ST = Stomach; NA = Not Available; * = Bilaterally; ^ = Extra Meridian points on the back of hand.