Table 1.
The top-down derived NO2 lifetime and NOX emissions from April–September 2013 averaged tropospheric NO2 column data from LOTOS-EUROS (LE) and OMI 2013 observations for different European cities. The MACC-III based emission values, input in LE, are also given.
| OMI | LE | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lat | Lon | Lifetime | Top-down E | MACC E | Lifetime | Top-down E | MACC E | |
| (N) | (E) | (h) | (mg m−2 d−1) | (mg m−2 d−1) | (h) | (mg m−2 d−1) | (mg m−2 d−1) | |
| Mean | 4.1 ± 2.2 | 5.55 ± 3.49 | 7.17 ± 3.80 | 3.7 ± 2.2 | 7.11 ± 4.03 | 7.59 ± 3.97 | ||
| Stdev | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 3.48 ± 2.29 | 6.29 ± 5.50 | 1.0 ± 0.9 | 5.28 ± 3.36 | 6.09 ± 5.37 | ||
| Helsinki | 60.16 | 24.93 | 4.7 ± 2.1 | 3.88 ± 4.35 | 4.97 ± 1.62 | 3.1 ± 1.6 | 3.78 ± 2.03 | 4.81 ± 1.70 |
| St-Petersburg | 59.93 | 30.31 | 3.9 ± 1.5 | 4.28 ± 1.65 | 27.02 ± 26.25 | 3.8 ± 2.2 | 21.95 ± 12.79 | 25.57 ± 25.26 |
| Edinburgh | 55.94 | −3.19 | 4.2 ± 1.8 | 6.81 ± 2.92 | 6.67 ± 2.30 | 4.8 ± 5.1 | 5.71 ± 6.16 | 7.78 ± 2.59 |
| Moscow | 55.75 | 37.61 | 5.4 ± 2.8 | 10.91 ± 5.62 | 11.12 ± 2.67 | 4.1 ± 3.4 | 11.21 ± 9.34 | 11.64 ± 2.21 |
| Amsterdam | 52.37 | 4.89 | 2.8 ± 1.7 | 10.41 ± 6.94 | 15.56 ± 3.88 | 3.0 ± 2.3 | 11.04 ± 8.59 | 15.19 ± 4.25 |
| Warsaw | 52.22 | 22.01 | 2.9 ± 1.8 | 3.74 ± 2.28 | 0.75 ± 0.03 | 3.7 ± 2.0 | 0.90 ± 0.48 | 0.76 ± 0.02 |
| London | 51.50 | −0.13 | 4.6 ± 2.5 | 13.33 ± 7.50 | 14.97 ± 10.81 | 3.0 ± 1.7 | 11.52 ± 6.54 | 15.08 ± 10.93 |
| Antwerp | 51.25 | 4.38 | 4.4 ± 2.6 | 10.22 ± 6.20 | 12.73 ± 3.19 | 2.9 ± 2.0 | 10.85 ± 7.82 | 12.73 ± 3.19 |
| Brussels | 50.83 | 4.33 | 4.8 ± 2.3 | 6.42 ± 3.66 | 5.09 ± 2.15 | 3.8 ± 2.5 | 4.90 ± 3.23 | 4.98 ± 1.95 |
| Kiev | 50.45 | 30.52 | 5.4 ± 2.1 | 3.56 ± 1.63 | 4.64 ± 0.73 | 3.9 ± 1.6 | 2.74 ± 1.13 | 4.76 ± 0.60 |
| Prague | 50.07 | 14.43 | 3.3 ± 2.5 | 3.44 ± 2.60 | 3.73 ± 1.72 | 3.7 ± 1.6 | 2.66 ± 1.17 | 3.82 ± 1.69 |
| Krakow | 50.06 | 19.94 | 2.9 ± 1.8 | 6.56 ± 4.09 | 4.49 ± 3.15 | 2.9 ± 1.6 | 3.12 ± 1.80 | 5.02 ± 3.49 |
| Paris | 48.85 | 2.35 | 2.7 ± 1.7 | 8.80 ± 5.66 | 7.25 ± 5.98 | 3.7 ± 2.4 | 9.98 ± 6.50 | 7.46 ± 5.06 |
| Vienna | 48.20 | 16.37 | 7.7 ± 3.3 | 1.45 ± 0.66 | 5.66 ± 4.16 | 5.8 ± 2.5 | 9.91 ± 5.67 | 7.32 ± 4.97 |
| Budapest | 47.57 | 19.11 | 2.9 ± 1.8 | 3.31 ± 2.25 | 3.24 ± 0.65 | 2.6 ± 2.2 | 2.03 ± 1.72 | 3.50 ± 0.29 |
| Milan | 45.46 | 9.19 | 3.8 ± 1.1 | / | 5.24 ± 0.76 | 3.9 ± 1.2 | 8.85 ± 3.67 | 5.24 ± 0.56 |
| Bucharest | 44.43 | 26.10 | 3.6 ± 4.0 | 1.83 ± 2.01 | 0.59 ± 0.10 | 2.3 ± 1.9 | 0.51 ± 0.43 | 0.59 ± 0.10 |
| Marseille | 43.29 | 5.37 | 3.4 ± 1.7 | / | 15.40 ± 6.70 | 4.1 ± 1.2 | 14.60 ± 4.31 | 13.88 ± 6.92 |
| Rome | 41.89 | 12.51 | 1.8 ± 2.0 | 7.06 ± 7.73 | 4.61 ± 1.55 | 3.5 ± 2.2 | 11.67 ± 0.35 | 13.49 ± 7.17 |
| Naples | 40.85 | 14.26 | 3.1 ± 1.8 | 3.16 ± 1.85 | 3.25 ± 2.59 | 3.4 ± 1.7 | 4.57 ± 2.34 | 3.23 ± 2.62 |
| Thessaloniki | 40.63 | 22.94 | 4.5 ± 1.4 | 2.19 ± 0.77 | 2.10 ± 1.02 | 2.1 ± 1.0 | 5.15 ± 2.44 | 2.02 ± 0.93 |
| Madrid | 40.41 | −3.70 | 5.7 ± 3.3 | 4.32 ± 2.48 | 4.75 ± 5.03 | 4.6 ± 3.4 | 4.85 ± 3.62 | 4.45 ± 4.47 |
| Istanbul | 40.00 | 28.97 | 4.5 ± 2.2 | 0.94 ± 0.48 | 1.12 ± 0.38 | 6.4 ± 2.3 | 1.13 ± 0.48 | 1.18 ± 0.38 |
No reasonable fit for Milan and Marseille when deriving A from Equation (4).