Table 8.
Differentially regulated transcripts in hypergravity identified in the 19th DLR parabolic flight and TEXUS-49 suborbital ballistic rocket campaigns. Eight transcripts (belonging to six genes) were reversely regulated with respect to both altered gravity platforms. One transcript (belonging to the gene PTGS2) was significantly up-regulated in both campaigns. Plus: significantly up-regulated transcripts (p-value < 0.05, fold change (FC) ≥ 1.3), minus: significantly down-regulated transcripts (p-value < 0.05, FC ≤ −1.3). FCs are ratios between the averages of linear expression values. If the ratio is <1, FC is calculated as the negative reciprocal of the ratio. Remark: The FCs for BC032720 were −1.81890805409698 (BL-PFC hyp-g versus 1g IF) and 1.81896050075992 (BL-TX hyp-g versus H/W 1g GC). For the abbreviations of the experiment group names see Table 1.
| Gene Name | Full Gene Name | Probeset ID | Gene Function Adopted from GeneCards HUMAN GENE DATABASE | Fold Change 19th DLR PFC BL-PFC hyp-g vs. 1g IF | Fold Change TEXUS-49 BL-TX hyp-g vs. H/W 1g GC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CYBB | Cytochrome B-245 Beta Chain, NADPH Oxidase 2, GP91-PHOX | BC032720 | Primary component of the microbicidal oxidase system of phagocytes | −1.819 | +1.819 |
| NM_000397 | −1.808 | +1.794 | |||
| GCLM | Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase Modifier Subunit | NM_002061 | First-rate limiting enzyme of glutathione synthesis | −1.810 | +4.220 |
| GPX5 | Glutathione Peroxidase 5 | NM_003996 | Protects cells and enzymes from oxidative damage by catalyzing the reduction of hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxides, and organic hydroperoxide by glutathione. | +1.494 | −1.741 |
| GSR | Glutathione-Disulfide Reductase | BC069244 | Maintains high levels of reduced glutathione in the cytosol | −1.527 | +1.632 |
| NM_000637 | −1.542 | +1.831 | |||
| KRT1 | Keratin 1 | BC063697 | May regulate the activity of kinases such as PKC and SRC via binding to integrin beta-1 (ITB1) and the receptor of activated protein C kinase 1 (RACK1) | +2.077 | −1.529 |
| PTGS2 | Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2, Cyclooxygenase-2 | AJ634912 | Converts arachidonate to prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), production of inflammatory prostaglandins, associated with increased cell adhesion and resistance to apoptosis. | +1.414 | +2.253 |
| SOD1/2 | Superoxide Dismutase1/2 | NM_000636 | Destroys superoxide anion radicals | −1.946 | +2.517 |
PKC: protein kinase C.