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. 2018 Aug 27;19(9):2539. doi: 10.3390/ijms19092539

Figure 2.

Figure 2

The bypath in JA biosynthesis. OPDA and dnOPDA are formed in chloroplasts and converted to JA and 4,5-ddh-JA, respectively, in peroxisomes. In opr3-3 plants, peroxisomal OPDA is metabolized to dinor-OPDA (dnOPDA), tetranor-OPDA (tnOPDA) and 4,5-didehydro-JA (4,5-ddh-JA), which is reduced to JA by OPR2 after release into the cytosol. Black arrows show the canonical pathway, red arrows highlight the new pathway identified in opr3-3 plants. Red parallel lines indicate block in the conversion of OPDA and dnOPDA within the opr3-3 mutant. The newly identified property of OPR2 in opr3-3 is marked in red (redrawn based on Reference [102] with permission).