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. 2018 Jul 6;6(3):59. doi: 10.3390/diseases6030059

Figure 3.

Figure 3

VPA treatment of monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) infected with DENV2 induced a significant decrease in inflammatory cytokine production. MDMs were infected with DENV-2 at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1 and treated with VPA (1, 2, or 4 mM) three hours before or after infection. At 24 h post-infection, the supernatants were used to quantify the production of TNF-alpha (A); IL-6 (B); IL-8 (C); IL-10 (D) and IL-1beta (E). Error bars represent the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. * p values were calculated using the non-parametric two-tailed Mann-Whitney test. A p value < 0.05 was considered significant.