Table 3.
Anthropometric and metabolic measurements in the DER and ADF + DER groups before and after the 16-week energy restriction intervention 1.
| DER | ADF + DER | p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (n = 81) | Week 16 (n = 68) | Baseline (n = 82) | Week 16 (n = 67) | ||
| Body weight 2, kg | 99.6 ± 15.6 | 87.1 ± 14.0 | 100.6 ± 19.6 | 90.6 ± 18.7 | 0.803 |
| BMI 2, kg/m2 | 35.5 ± 5.5 | 31.1 ± 5.1 | 35.7 ± 5.8 | 31.9 ± 5.5 | 0.913 |
| Total FFM 2, kg | 50.7 ± 7.9 | 48.8 ± 7.6 | 51.1 ± 9.1 | 49.7 ± 9.2 | 0.842 |
| Total FM 2, kg | 45.1 ± 11.2 | 34.8 ± 10.2 | 45.7 ± 13.1 | 37.3 ± 12.8 | 0.674 |
| TC 2, mmol/L | 5.3 ± 1.0 | 4.7 ± 0.9 | 5.2 ± 1.0 | 4.7 ± 1.0 | 0.754 |
| Triglycerides 2, mmol/L | 1.5 ± 0.8 | 1.1 ± 0.5 | 1.4 ± 0.6 | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 0.029 3 |
| HDL-C 4, mmol/L | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ±0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 0.154 |
| LDL-C 2, mmol/L | 3.3 ± 0.9 | 2.9 ± 0.7 | 3.3 ± 0.9 | 2.9 ± 0.8 | 0.987 |
| hsCRP 2, 5, mg/L | 3.2 ± 2.6 | 2.9 ± 2.2 | 3.7 ± 2.5 | 3.0 ± 2.2 | 0.450 |
| Glucose 2, mmol/L | 5.5 ± 0.6 | 5.3 ± 0.4 | 5.4 ± 0.4 | 5.3 ± 0.4 | 0.341 |
| Insulin 2, mU/L | 12.4 ± 7.3 | 8.01 ± 4.2 | 13.4 ± 8.4 | 9.1 ± 4.5 | 0.334 |
| SBP 2, mm Hg | 120.6 ± 12.8 | 112.2 ± 9.7 | 119.4 ±12.9 | 112.2 ± 9.9 | 0.893 |
| DBP 2, mm Hg | 74.7 ± 9.0 | 71.1 ± 8.7 | 75.6 ± 9.4 | 71.5 ± 7.8 | 0.394 |
DER, standard meal replacement program; ADF + DER modified meal replacement program; BMI, body mass index; FFM, fat free mass; FM, Fat Mass; TC, Total Cholesterol; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; CRP, high sensitivity C Reactive Protein; SBP, Systolic blood pressure; DBP, Diastolic blood pressure. p-values are reported for between-group differences over time (time × diet interaction) using linear mixed-effects model analysis. 1 Values are Means ± SD. Biochemical measures, blood pressure and nutrient status assessed in fasting state. 2 significant main effect of time (p < 0.001), using linear mixed-effects model analysis. 3 significant effect of time × treatment (p < 0.05), using linear mixed-effects model analysis. 4 significant main effect of time (p < 0.01), using linear mixed-effects model analysis. 5 For CRP data, only participants with CRP concentration <10 mg/L were included in analyses; baseline: n = 71 DER; n = 68 ADF-MRP; week 16 n = 61 DER; n = 56 ADF + DER.