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. 2018 Sep 18;10(9):509. doi: 10.3390/v10090509

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© 2018 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Figure A1 — Seasonal vaccine effectiveness by type and subtype measured by test-negative design studies in Australia [24,25,26], Canada [27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34], Europe [35], and the United States [36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43] from the 2009–2010 season to the 2016–2017 season. European VEs include data from study sites in Germany, Spain, France, Croatia, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, and Sweden. Error bars show 95% CIs. VE in the United States measures effectiveness against medically attended ARI caused by influenza. Elsewhere, VE measures effectiveness against medically attended ILI caused by influenza. European studies enroll individuals over nine years old, while other studies also enroll individuals from younger age groups.