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. 2018 Aug 29;11(9):1556. doi: 10.3390/ma11091556

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© 2018 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Scanning electron micrographs of our collagen gels before (left) and after (right) mineralization. Average fibril diameters show a mean of 75 ± 21 nm (N = 70). After mineralization, micron size aggregates are visibly trapped in the gel (indicated by arrow in right panel). Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) shows Ca and P in a ratio of ~1.8 present in these aggregates. On regions of the surface with no apparent aggregates (ex. inside the dashed circle near the middle of the right panel), EDX shows Ca/P ≅ 1.4.