Table 1.

Demographic characteristics of study subjects in the 2016 KNHANES VII-1.

Variables	Men (n = 706)	Women (n = 847)	Total (n = 1553)
Demographics
Age (years)	70.1 ± 6.3	70.0 ± 6.6	70.1 ± 6.4
Low household income (%) *	33.7 ± 2.5	43.4 ± 2.3	39.0 ± 2.0
Presence of spouse (%) *	87.7 ± 1.6	56.8 ± 2.1	70.9 ± 1.6
Education ≥ 10 years (%) *	46.1 ± 4.3	20.6 ± 2.8	32.4 ± 2.8
Current medical history
Hypertension (%)	52.7 ± 2.3	46.4 ± 2.0	49.3 ± 1.5
Diabetes mellitus (%)	20.0 ± 1.8	19.2 ± 1.7	19.6 ± 1.3
Dyslipidemia (%) *	18.7 ± 1.8	31.1 ± 2.1	25.4 ± 1.3
CVA (%)	3.8 ± 0.7	2.0 ± 0.5	2.9 ± 0.5
MI & angina (%)	8.2 ± 1.1	5.3 ± 0.9	6.7 ± 0.6
Osteoarthritis (%) *	9.5 ± 1.3	31.2 ± 1.6	21.2 ± 1.1
Osteoporosis (%) *	1.3 ± 0.5	31.5 ± 1.9	17.7 ± 1.1
Anthropometric measurements
BMI (kg/m2) *	23.8 ± 0.1	24.5 ± 0.1	24.2 ± 0.1
AC (cm) *	86.6 ± 0.4	84.6 ± 0.4	85.6 ± 0.3
Systolic BP (mm Hg) *	126.1 ± 0.7	128.2 ± 0.7	127.2 ± 0.5
Health behaviors
Current smoking (%) *	19.8 ± 1.8	3.6 ± 1.2	11.0 ± 1.2
Dringking (%) *	61.9 ± 2.2	20.0 ± 1.6	39.2 ± 1.6
Physical inactivity (%) *	55.1 ± 2.2	67.3 ± 2.4	61.7 ± 1.7

* p < 0.05 by chi-squared test or t-test. Data are presented as estimated means ± standard errors. CVA, cerebrovascular accident; MI, myocardial infarction; AC, abdominal circumference; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; low income level—people in the lowest quartile of household income; presence of spouse—people who currently live with his or her spouse; current smoking—adults who had smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime and currently smoked cigarettes every day (daily) or on some days (nondaily); drinking—drinking at least twice per week, with an average of 7 cups (for women, 5 cups) or more; physical inactivity—people who do not conduct moderate to vigorous physical activities for 150 min or more per week.