Table 1.
Health status by fifths of income. Values are means (SD), given as percentages, unless stated otherwise
| Health status | Poorest fifth (n=2139) | Below middle fifth (n=1834) | Middle income fifth (n=1590) | Above middle fifth (n=1468) | Highest income fifth (n=1204) | P value for income gradient
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | Adjusted* | ||||||
| Self reported poor or fair health | 27.8 (44.8) | 17.5 (38.0) | 11.6 (32.0) | 5.2 (22.2) | 5.2 (22.2) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Mean (SD) No of chronic conditions | 1.80 (1.97) | 1.32 (1.56) | 1.03 (1.40) | 0.87 (1.23) | 0.87 (1.22) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Prevalence of chronic conditions: | |||||||
| Depressive disorder or anxiety disorder | 18.2 (38.6) | 13.2 (33.9) | 11.2 (31.6) | 10.0 (30.0) | 7.4 (26.1) | <0.001 | 0.002 |
| Depressive disorder | 14.9 (36.6) | 10.6 (30.8) | 8.3 (27.6) | 8.5 (27.8) | 5.5 (22.7) | <0.001 | 0.003 |
| Pain condition (including back pain, chronic headache, other non-specified chronic pain problem) | 35.4 (47.8) | 28.3 (45.1) | 25.4 (43.6) | 22.7 (41.9) | 22.5 (41.7) | 0.019 | 0.055 |
| High blood sugar or diabetes | 10.3 (30.4) | 8.2 (27.4) | 6.2 (24.0) | 3.6 (18.5) | 2.3 (15.0) | 0.001 | 0.026 |
| Hypertension or high blood pressure | 25.0 (43.8) | 18.9 (39.2) | 13.2 (33.8) | 11.5 (31.9) | 13.2 (33.8) | 0.002 | >0.1 |
| Arthritis or rheumatism | 33.8 (47.3) | 26.4 (44.1) | 21.1 (40.9) | 16.0 (36.7) | 16.1 (36.7) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Trouble breathing, emphysema, or chronic lung disease | 7.6 (26.5) | 4.0 (19.7) | 3.8 (19.2) | 2.0 (14.1) | 1.7 (12.8) | <0.001 | 0.001 |
| Angina, heart failure, or coronary heart disease | 8.2 (27.4) | 5.5 (22.8) | 2.9 (16.7) | 1.9 (13.7) | 3.2 (17.6) | 0.004 | 0.082 |
| Chronic gynaecological problem, such as severe cramps or heavy bleeding (women only) | 7.8 (26.8) | 11.4 (31.9) | 9.1 (28.8) | 9.0 (28.7) | 7.0 (25.5) | >0.1 | 0.018 |
*
Adjusted for age, sex, race or ethnicity, and family composition.