Table 2.
Energy and nutrient intakes at breakfast and daily contribution (%) among Spanish breakfast consumers.
| Total Population (n = 1980) | Children (n = 213) | Teenagers (n = 210) | Adults (n = 1627) | Elderly (n = 205) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Breakfast | Daily | % Daily Intakes | Breakfast | Daily | % Daily Intakes | Breakfast | Daily | % Daily Intakes | Breakfast | Daily | % Daily Intakes | Breakfast | Daily | % Daily Intakes | |
| Energy (kcal) | 296 | 1777 | 17% | 342 | 1936 | 18% | 349 | 1989 | 18% | 293 | 1782 | 16% | 295 | 1591 | 19% |
| Water (g) | 240.1 | 1573.3 | 15% | 215.3 | 1353.3 | 16% | 221.3 | 1303.7 | 17% | 243.2 | 1608.7 | 15% | 251.9 | 1544.3 | 16% |
| Carbohydrates (g) | 38.4 | 180.8 | 21% | 44.7 | 210.5 | 21% | 45.3 | 219.9 | 21% | 37.9 | 179.4 | 21% | 38.2 | 159.7 | 24% |
| Total sugars (g) | 20.2 | 72.8 | 28% | 26.5 | 88.5 | 30% | 25.7 | 86.2 | 30% | 19.9 | 71.4 | 28% | 18.5 | 69.5 | 27% |
| Added sugars (g) | 8.5 | 29.1 | 29% | 14.0 | 45.8 | 31% | 13.3 | 47.6 | 28% | 8.3 | 28.6 | 29% | 6.2 | 17.6 | 35% |
| Intrinsic sugars (g) | 9.5 | 39.9 | 24% | 11.4 | 40.8 | 28% | 11.0 | 36.0 | 31% | 9.4 | 39.2 | 24% | 9.8 | 49.2 | 20% |
| Starch (g) | 15.5 | 105.3 | 15% | 16.6 | 119.8 | 14% | 17.2 | 131.1 | 13% | 15.3 | 105.3 | 15% | 17.6 | 87.5 | 20% |
| Fibre (g) | 1.3 | 12.1 | 11% | 1.2 | 11.5 | 11% | 1.2 | 11.3 | 11% | 1.3 | 12.1 | 11% | 1.6 | 14.0 | 11% |
| Total Fat (g) | 10.4 | 76.0 | 14% | 12.4 | 83.7 | 15% | 12.6 | 84.1 | 15% | 10.3 | 76.5 | 13% | 9.9 | 65.8 | 15% |
| SFA (g) | 3.9 | 23.1 | 17% | 5.6 | 28.1 | 20% | 5.3 | 27.5 | 19% | 3.8 | 23.2 | 17% | 3.3 | 18.6 | 18% |
| MUFA (g) | 3.5 | 32.8 | 11% | 3.8 | 34.2 | 11% | 3.7 | 34.3 | 11% | 3.5 | 33.0 | 11% | 3.4 | 29.9 | 11% |
| PUFA (g) | 1.1 | 12.8 | 9% | 1.1 | 13.7 | 8% | 1.3 | 14.1 | 9% | 1.1 | 13.0 | 9% | 1.2 | 10.7 | 11% |
| Protein (g) | 9.2 | 73.0 | 13% | 10.8 | 76.5 | 14% | 10.8 | 78.6 | 14% | 9.1 | 73.4 | 12% | 9.2 | 66.3 | 14% |
| Vitamin A (µg) | 34.3 | 236.3 | 15% | 51.5 | 274.9 | 19% | 50.6 | 239.5 | 21% | 34.8 | 236.2 | 15% | 24.6 | 222.0 | 11% |
| Beta-carotene (µg) | 18.0 | 445.1 | 4% | 26.2 | 360.4 | 7% | 26.8 | 335.2 | 8% | 18.1 | 450.8 | 4% | 14.0 | 532.9 | 3% |
| Retinol (µg) | 13.9 | 115.7 | 12% | 27.1 | 165.4 | 16% | 25.8 | 138.5 | 19% | 14.2 | 114.2 | 12% | 7.5 | 95.4 | 8% |
| Thiamine (mg) | 0.17 | 0.75 | 22% | 0.20 | 0.82 | 25% | 0.20 | 0.85 | 23% | 0.16 | 0.76 | 22% | 0.17 | 0.67 | 25% |
| Riboflavin (mg) | 0.33 | 0.98 | 33% | 0.46 | 1.13 | 41% | 0.43 | 1.06 | 41% | 0.32 | 0.98 | 33% | 0.32 | 0.94 | 34% |
| Niacin (mg) | 3.1 | 20.7 | 15% | 3.5 | 20.6 | 17% | 3.5 | 21.9 | 16% | 3.1 | 21.0 | 15% | 3.2 | 18.2 | 17% |
| Vitamin B6 (mg) | 0.14 | 0.94 | 15% | 0.19 | 0.95 | 20% | 0.20 | 0.98 | 20% | 0.14 | 0.94 | 15% | 0.14 | 0.90 | 16% |
| Vitamin B12 (µg) | 0.45 | 3.01 | 15% | 0.66 | 2.97 | 22% | 0.59 | 2.75 | 21% | 0.43 | 3.03 | 14% | 0.43 | 2.96 | 14% |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 5.2 | 28.1 | 19% | 5.7 | 24.9 | 23% | 4.9 | 22.0 | 22% | 5.5 | 28.3 | 19% | 5.4 | 34.5 | 16% |
| Vitamin D (µg) | 0.0 | 1.4 | 3% | 0.1 | 1.1 | 10% | 0.1 | 1.1 | 13% | 0.0 | 1.4 | 3% | 0.0 | 1.4 | 2% |
| Vitamin E (mg) | 0.3 | 3.7 | 8% | 0.3 | 4.0 | 8% | 0.4 | 4.1 | 10% | 0.3 | 3.8 | 8% | 0.2 | 3.1 | 8% |
| Folates (µg) | 21.5 | 85.8 | 25% | 29.4 | 91.7 | 32% | 27.9 | 88.6 | 32% | 21.3 | 85.8 | 25% | 19.7 | 83.5 | 24% |
| Calcium (mg) | 196.9 | 502.0 | 39% | 285.0 | 627.6 | 45% | 260.1 | 584.2 | 45% | 189.6 | 493.0 | 38% | 186.9 | 474.5 | 39% |
| Iron (mg) | 1.5 | 6.7 | 22% | 1.8 | 7.1 | 25% | 1.8 | 7.2 | 25% | 1.4 | 6.7 | 21% | 1.4 | 6.3 | 23% |
| Potassium (mg) | 410.4 | 1491.6 | 28% | 503.5 | 1570.7 | 32% | 482.7 | 1504.0 | 32% | 404.3 | 1487.1 | 27% | 405.5 | 1517.6 | 27% |
| Magnesium (mg) | 37.8 | 142.8 | 26% | 38.7 | 146.8 | 26% | 38.8 | 143.4 | 27% | 37.7 | 143.2 | 26% | 40.1 | 140.4 | 29% |
| Zinc (mg) | 1.0 | 5.9 | 18% | 1.1 | 6.1 | 17% | 1.1 | 6.3 | 17% | 1.0 | 6.0 | 17% | 1.1 | 5.4 | 20% |
| Iodine (µg) | 115.6 | 135.9 | 85% | 160.2 | 188.0 | 85% | 148.2 | 158.7 | 93% | 110.7 | 131.2 | 84% | 114.2 | 144.0 | 79% |
| Selenium (µg) | 7.9 | 55.6 | 14% | 7.6 | 57.2 | 13% | 7.9 | 59.4 | 13% | 7.8 | 55.8 | 14% | 8.8 | 50.9 | 17% |
| Phosphorus (mg) | 217.7 | 835.5 | 26% | 302.8 | 929.6 | 33% | 282.9 | 898.9 | 31% | 211.7 | 833.5 | 25% | 203.0 | 779.6 | 26% |
| Sodium (mg) | 295.2 | 1383.6 | 21% | 369.7 | 1548.7 | 24% | 363.2 | 1584.0 | 23% | 288.0 | 1385.5 | 21% | 284.9 | 1182.8 | 24% |
Note: Only days where breakfast is consumed are considered. Extreme intakes, or those ± 3 SD from the average were eliminated. Variables were normalized, applying scale transformations (square root and logarithmic). The averages shown were back-transformed to their original scales. SFA: Saturated fatty acids; MUFA: monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acids. Children: 9–12 years; Teenagers: 13–17 years; Adults: 18–64 years; Elderly: 65–74 years.