Table 5.
Characterized β-glucanases from thermophiles (3.2.1.21). NM: not measured.
| Enzyme | GH family Domains | Optimum Temperature | Optimum pH | Temperature Stability 1 | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CelB | 1 | 102–105 °C | 5.0 | 50%; 100 °C; 85 h 50%; 110 °C; 13 h |
Arquea (Pyrococcus furiosus) | [129] |
| Tpa-glu | 1 | 75 °C | 7.5 | 50%; 90 °C; 6 h | Arquea (Thermococcus pacificus) | [130] |
| BGPh | 1 | >100 °C | 6.0 | 50%; 90 °C; 15 h | Arquea (Pyrococcus horikoshii) | [131] |
| LacS | 1 (β-glucosidase and β-galactosidase) | 90 °C | 6.0 | 90%; 75 °C; 80 h | Arquea (Sulfolobus solfataricus) | [132] |
| O08324 | 1 | 78 °C | 5.0–6.8 | 50%; 78 °C; 860 min | Arquea (Thermococcus sp.) | [133] |
| Bgl1 | 1 | 90 °C | 6.5 | 67%; 90 °C; 1.5 h 78%; 50 °C; 24 h 68%; 60 °C; 24 h |
Uncultured Arquea (hot spring metagenome) | [59] |
| GlyB | 1 (multiple substrates) | 85 °C | 5.5 | 8%; 80 °C; 10 min >70%; 65 °C; 3 h |
Bacteria (Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius) | [134] |
| Bglp | 1 | 60 °C | 7.0 | 50%; 60 °C; 10 h | Bacteria (Anoxybacillus flavithermus) | [135] |
| BglA | 1 | 55 °C | 6.0–9.0 | 80%; 50 °C; 15 min 1%; 60 °C; 15 min |
Bacteria (Bacillus circulans subsp. Alkalophilus) |
[136] |
| BhbglA | 1 | 50 °C | 7.0 | 50%; 50 °C; 30 min | Bacteria (Bacillus halodurans) | [137] |
| BglA | 1 | 85 °C | 6.25 | 50%; 70 °C; 2280 min | Bacteria (Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus) | [138] |
| BglA | 1 | 50 °C | 6.0 | NM | Bacteria (Clostridium cellulovorans) | [139] |
| DtGH | 1 | 90 °C | 7.0 | 50%; 70 °C; 533 h 50%; 80 °C; 44 h 50%; 90 °C; 5 h |
Bacteria (Dictyoglomus thermophilum) | [140] |
| DturβGlu | 1 | 80 °C | 5.4 | 70%; 70 °C; 2 h | Bacteria (Dictyoglomus turgidum) | [44] |
| FiBgl1A | 1 | 90 °C | 6.0–7.0 | 50%; 90 °C 25 min 50%; 100 °C; 15 min |
Bacteria (Fervidobacterium islandicum) | [141] |
| BglA | 1 | 60 °C | 6.5 | 91%; 60 °C; 3 h 34%; 60 °C; 43 h |
Bacteria (Ruminiclostridium thermocellum) | [142] |
| SdBgl1B | 1 | 50 °C | 6.0–7.5 | NM | Bacteria (Saccharophagus degradans) | [143] |
| Bgl1 | 1 | 50 °C | 5.1–5.7 | 60%; 40 °C; 4 h | Bacteria (Sphingomonas paucimobilis) | [144] |
| SGR_2426 | 1 | 69 °C | 6.9 | 50%; 69 °C; 1.5 h | Bacteria (Streptomyces griseus) | [55] |
| Bgl3 | 1 | 50 °C | 6.5 | NM | Bacteria (Streptomyces sp. strain QM-B814) | [145] |
| CglT | 1 | 75 °C | 5.5 | 100%; 60 °C; 24 h | Bacteria (Thermoanaerobacter brockii) | [146] |
| TeBglA | 1 | 80 °C | 7.0 | 10%; 65 °C; 5 h | Bacteria (Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus) | [147] |
| TmBglA | 1 | 90 °C | 6.2 | >80%; 65 °C; 5 h | Bacteria (Thermotoga maritima) | [147] |
| Bgl | 1 | 70 °C | 6.4 | 50%; 68 °C; 1 h >80%; 60 °C; 2 h |
Bacteria (Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum) | [148] |
| BglC | 1 | 50 °C | 7.0 | NM | Bacteria (Thermobifida fusca) | [149] |
| BglB | 1 | 60 °C | 6.2 | 70%; 60 °C; 48 h | Bacteria (Thermobispora bispora) | [150] |
| BglA | 1 | 80–90 °C | 7.0–8.0 | 100%; 70 °C; 6 h | Bacteria (Thermotoga petrophila) | [151] |
| TcaBglA | 1 | 90 °C | 5.5–6.5 | >40%; 80 °C; 30 min >20%; 80 °C; 30 min |
Bacteria (Thermus caldophilus) | [152] |
| TnGly | 1 | 90 °C | 5.6 | 50%; 90 °C; 2.5 h | Bacteria (Thermus nonproteolyticus) | [153] |
| BglA | 1 | 70 °C | 5.0–6.0 | 50%; 70 °C; 38 h 50%; 80 °C; <0.4 h 50%; 90 °C; <0.3 h |
Bacteria (Thermus sp. IB-21) | [154] |
| BglB | 1 | 80 °C | 5.0–6.0 | 50%; 70 °C; 38 h 50%; 80 °C; 2.7 h 50%; 90 °C; 24 min |
Bacteria (Thermus sp. IB-21) | [154] |
| Bgly | 1 | 90 °C | 5.4 | 100%; 80 °C; 2 h 50%; 90 °C; 1.5 h 50%; 95 °C; 20 min |
Bacteria (Thermus thermophilus) | [155] |
| BglA | 1 | 55 °C | 6.5 | 82%; 50 °C; 60 min 20%; 55 °C; 60 min |
Uncultured organism (soil metagenome) | [52] |
| AS-Esc10 | 1 | 60 °C | 8.0 | 100%; 50 °C; 1 h | Uncultured organism (agricultural soil metagenome) | [40] |
| Bgl-gs1 | 1 | 90 °C | 6.0 | 50%; 90 °C; 5 min 50%; 85 °C; 15 min 50%; 80 °C; 45 min |
Uncultured organism (termite gut metagenome) | [71] |
| Bgl | 1 | 60 °C | 5.0 | 50%; 60 °C; 540 min | Fungi (Fusarium oxysporum) | [156] |
| Bgl4 | 1 | 55 °C | 6.0 | 80%; 50 °C; 10 min | Fungi (Humicola grisea var. thermoidea IFO9854) | [157] |
| Bgl1 | 1 | 55 °C | 5.5–7.5 | 100%; 50 °C; 8 h 50%; 55 °C; 8 h | Fungi (Orpinomyces sp. PC-2) | [158] |
| Bgl1G5 | 1 | 50 °C | 6.0 | 50%; 50 °C; 6 h | Fungi (Phialophora sp. G5) | [159] |
| TaGH2 | 2 | 95 °C | 6.5 | 100%; 90 °C; 3 h 50%; 70 °C; 22 h |
Bacteria (Thermus antranikianii) | [160] |
| TbGH2 | 2 | 90 °C | 6.5 | 17%; 80 °C; 3 h 50%; 70 °C; 12 h |
Bacteria (Thermus brockianus) | [160] |
| TbBgl | 3 | 90 °C | 3.5 | 50%; 95 °C; 60 min | Arquea (Thermofilum pendens) | [161] |
| BlBG3 | 3 | 50 °C | 6.0 | NM | Bacteria (Bifidobacterium longum) | [162] |
| Cba2 | 3 | 70 °C | 4.8 | NM | Bacteria (Cellulomonas biazotea) | [163] |
| CfBgl3A | 3 | 55 °C | 7.5 | NM | Bacteria (Cellulomonas fimi) | [164] |
| Bgl3Z | 3 | 65 °C | 5.5 | 50%; 60 °C; 5 h | Bacteria (Clostridium stercorarium) | [165] |
| Dtur_0219 | 3 | 85 °C | 5.0 | 50%; 70 °C; 1575 min 50%; 75 °C; 854 min 50%; 80 °C; 524 min 50%; 85 °C; 334 min 50%; 90 °C; 20 min |
Bacteria (Dictyoglomus turgidum) |
[54] |
| Bgl | 3 | 50 °C | 4.2–5.0 | NM | Bacteria (Elizabethkingia meningoseptica) | [166] |
| TmBglB | 3 | 80 °C | 4.2 | >80%; 65 °C; 5 h | Bacteria (Thermotoga maritima) | [147] |
| Tpebgl3 | 3 | 90 °C | 5.0 | >90%; 70 °C; 3 h >50%; 90 °C; 3 h |
Bacteria (Thermotoga petrophila) | [167] |
| Cel3A | 3 | 50–60 °C | 5.0 | 98%; 60 °C; 6 h >50%; 60 °C; 24 h >50%; 70 °C; 24 h |
Fungi (Amesia atrobrunnea) | [168] |
| Cel3B | 3 | 50–60 °C | 5.0 | 88%; 60 °C; 6 h >50%; 60 °C; 24 h >50%; 70 °C; 24 h |
Fungi (Amesia atrobrunnea) | [168] |
| Bgl3 | 3 | 60 °C | 6.0 | >50%; 70 °C; 1 h | Fungi (Aspergillus fumigatus) | [169] |
| BglB | 3 | 52 °C | 5.5 | NM | Fungi (Aspergillus nidulans) | [78] |
| BglC | 3 | 52 °C | 6.0 | NM | Fungi (Aspergillus nidulans) | [78] |
| Bgl | 3 | 50 °C | 5.0 | 100%; 50 °C; 30 min 60%; 60 °C; 30 min |
Fungi (Aspergillus oryzae) | [49] |
| Bgl | 3 | 60 °C | 5.0 | 67.7%; 60 °C; 1 h 50%; 65 °C; 55 min 29.7%; 70 °C; 10 min |
Fungi (Chaetomium thermophilum) | [170] |
| Bxl5 | 3 | 75 °C | 4.6 | 50%; 65 °C; 5 h 50%; 70 °C; 20 min 50%; 75 °C; 5 min |
Fungi (Chrysosporium lucknowense) | [171] |
| MoCel3A | 3 | 50 °C | 5.0–5.5 | NM | Fungi (Magnaporthe oryzae) | [41] |
| MoCel3B | 3 | 50 °C | 5.0–5.5 | NM | Fungi (Magnaporthe oryzae) | [41] |
| Bgl2 | 3 | 60 °C | 5.4 | >50%; 40 °C; 2 h >45%; 50 °C; 2 h 25%; 55 °C; 1 h |
Fungi (Neurospora crassa) | [172] |
| Bgl1 | 3 | 50 °C | 3.5–5.0 | 100%; 45 °C; 30 min | Fungi (Mucor circinelloides) | [173] |
| Bgl2 | 3 | 55 °C | 3.5–5.5 | 100%; 55 °C; 30 min | Fungi (Mucor circinelloides) | [173] |
| NfBGL1 | 3 | 80 °C | 5.0 | >80%; 70 °C; 2 h | Fungi (Neosartorya fischeri) | [174] |
| PtBglu3 | 3 | 65 °C | 6.0 | >85%; 60 °C; 30 min | Fungi (Paecilomyces thermophila) | [32] |
| Bgl1 | 3 | 70 °C | 4.8 | 50%; 65 °C; 24 h | Fungi (Penicillium brasilianum) | [175] |
| pBGL1 | 3 | 65–70 °C | 4.5–5.50 | 96.3%; 50 °C; 12 h 50%; 70 °C; 4 h |
Fungi (Penicillium decumbens) | [176] |
| Bgl1 | 3 | 70 °C | 5.0–6.0 | 60%; 70 °C; 1.5 h | Fungi (Periconia sp.) | [43] |
| RmBglu3B | 3 | 50 °C | 5.0 | 50%; 50 °C; 30 min | Fungi (Rhizomucor miehei) | [50] |
| Bgl1 | 3 | 50 °C | 5.0 | >70%; 50 °C; 30 min <10%; 60 °C; 30 min |
Fungi (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera) | [177] |
| Bgl2 | 3 | 50 °C | 5.0 | >70%; 50 °C; 30 min <10%; 60 °C; 30 min |
Fungi (Saccharomycopsis fibuligera) | [177] |
| β-glucosidase | 3 | 75 °C | 4.5 | 50%; 60 °C; 136 h 50%; 65 °C; 55 h 50%; 70 °C; 10 h 50%; 75 °C; 1 h |
Fungi (Talaromyces aculeatus) | [53] |
| Cel3a | 3 | 71.5 °C | 4.02 | 50%; 65 °C; 62 min 50%; 75 °C; 18 min |
Fungi (Talaromyces emersonii) | [178] |
| Bgl3A | 3 | 75 °C | 4.5 | >65%; 60 °C; 1 h | Fungi (Talaromyces leycettanus) | [179] |
| Bgl1 | 3 | 70 °C | 5.0 | >70%; 60 °C; 1 h | Fungi (Thermoascus auranticus) | [180] |
| Bgl3a | 3 | 70 °C | 5.0 | 50%; 60 °C; 143 min | Fungi (Myceliophthora thermophila) | [181] |
| RG3 | 3 | 50–55 °C | 5.5–6.0 | NM | Uncultured organism (Rabbit cecum metagenome) | [67] |
| RG14 | 3 | 50–55 °C | 5.5–7.0 | NM | Uncultured organism (Rabbit cecum metagenome) | [67] |
| BGL7 | 3 | 50 °C | 6.5 | NM | Uncultured organism (Termite gut metagenome) | [72] |
| LAB25g2 | 3 | 55 °C | 4.5 | 82%; 50 °C; 5 d | Uncultured organism (Cow rumen metagenome) | [68] |
| SRF2g14 | 3 | 55 °C | 5.0 | 50%; 50 °C; 18.06 h | Uncultured organism (Cow rumen metagenome) | [68] |
| SRF2g18 | 3 | 50 °C | 4.0 | 50%; 50 °C; 37.5 h | Uncultured organism (Cow rumen metagenome) | [68] |
| RuBGX1 | 3 | 50 °C | 6.0 | 62%; 50 °C; 10 min | Uncultured organism (Yak rumen metagenome) | [36] |
| JMB19063 | 3 | 50–55 °C | 6.5 | NM | Uncultured organism (Compost metagenome) | [37] |
| GlyA1 | 3 | 55 °C | 6.5 | NM | Uncultured organism (Cow rumen metagenome) | [69] |
| Bgx1 | 30 | 50 °C | 4.0–6.0 | NM | Oomycota (Phytophthora infestans) | [182] |
| SSO3039 | 116 | >70 °C | 4.0 | >70%; 65 °C; 48 h >50%; 85 °C; 8 h |
Arquea (Sulfolobus solfataricus) | [183] |
| TxGH116 | 116 | 85 °C | 6.0 | NM | Bacteria (Thermoanaerobacterium xylanolyticum) | [184] |
1 Temperature stability is given as a percentage of activity (residual activity) after treatment at the specified temperature and time compared to the untreated enzyme.