Table 3.
Outcome measures at baseline and study weeks 1 and 2 in participants consuming two ounces FVS (n=23) or PRU (n=22) daily for two weeks1.
| Variable | Baseline | Week 1 | Week 2 | 2-week change | p(Effect size) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Systolic BP, mmHg | |||||
| FVS | 116.2 ± 6.5 | 116.1 ± 9.1 | 112.1 ± 8.3 | −4.1 ± 7.5 | 0.370 |
| PRU | 117.7 ± 10.1 | 115.2 ± 7.7 | 115.7 ± 7.1 | −2.0 ± 8.5 | (0.020) |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | |||||
| FVS | 61.7 ± 7.7 | 61.7 ± 7.7 | 57.4 ± 6.2 | −5.3 ± 7.0 | 0.028 |
| PRU | 62.3 ± 8.2 | 62.3 ± 8.2 | 62.9 ± 8.0 | −2.2 ± 7.7 | (0.112) |
| FMD, %peak dilation | |||||
| FVS | 6.3 ± 2.7 | 6.5 ± 2.9 | 6.4 ± 2.6 | 0.1 ± 2.8 | 0.145 |
| PRU | 5.7 ± 2.6 | 5.5 ± 2.4 | 5.2 ± 3.0 | −0.5 ± 4.2 | (0.051) |
| Plasma nitrates and nitrites, µM | |||||
| FVS | 27.4 ± 23.5 | 63.3 ± 67.7 | 61.5 ± 58.5 | 34.1 ± 57.6 | 0.001 |
| PRU | 38.7 ± 37.0 | 31.8 ± 30.4 | 29.1 ± 25.5 | −9.7 ± 21.0 | (0.244) |
| POMS | |||||
| FVS | 13.5 ± 19.0 | 10.7 ± 20.8 | 9.2 ± 17.3 | −4.0 ± 19.1 | 0.369 |
| PRU | 10.1 ± 22.7 | 1.5 ± 14.7 | 2.9 ± 21.7 | −7.3 ± 9.9 | (0.020) |
| PSQI | |||||
| FVS | 4.3 ± 2.4 | 4.5 ± 2.4 | 4.2 ± 2.6 | −0.1 ± 1.7 | 0.970 |
| PRU | 4.1 ± 2.3 | 3.8 ± 2.1 | 4.0 ± 2.7 | −0.2 ± 2.0 | (0.000) |
1Data are mean ± SD; FVS: fruit and vegetable extract, PRU: prune juice. Nonnormal data were transformed prior to analyses (blood pressure; plasma nitrates/nitrites). There were no differences between groups at baseline. p value represents univariate analyses for change data controlling for baseline value and body weight.