Table S1.

Interventions delivered to participants

MSAT: core components

- Acupuncture at “Tiaokou” (ST 38, contralateral), with a strong sense of Deqi

- Allowing an active mobilization of the shoulder

CAT: core components

- Acupuncture at “Jiansanzhen plus Binao” (LI 14) with Deqi

mMSAT: core components

- Acupuncture at nonacupuncture point (contralateral) distal away from the shoulder without Deqi

- Allowing an active mobilization of the shoulder

mCAT: core components

- Acupuncture at nonacupuncture points around the shoulder without Deqi

Abbreviations: CAT, conventional acupuncture therapy; mCAT, minimal CAT; mMSAT, minimal MSAT; MSAT, motion style acupuncture therapy.