Table 3.

Unadjusted relapse prevalence, health care resource utilization and costs in the 12-month post-index period among adult patients with OUD who were newly initiating buprenorphine MAT

	Commercial sample (n =16,085)
	All (n=16,085)	PDC<0.20 (n=4,566)	p-valuea	0.20≤PDC<0.40 (n=2,119)	p-valuea	0.40≤PDC<0.60 (n=1,719)	p-valuea	0.60≤PDC<0.80 (n=1,718)	p-valuea	PDC≥0.80 (n=5,963)
Relapse prevalence in the 12-month post-index period, n (%)
Continuous/episodic dependence following remission diagnosis	355 (2.2%)	45 (1.0%)	<0.001	52 (2.5%)	0.544	48 (2.8%)	0.836	49 (2.9%)	0.733	161 (2.7%)
Inpatient admission, primary diagnosis related to opioid useb	1,838 (11.4%)	784 (17.2%)	<0.001	380 (17.9%)	<0.001	267 (15.5%)	<0.001	179 (10.4%)	<0.001	228 (3.8%)
Detoxification, any diagnosis related to opioid use	1,893 (11.8%)	739 (16.2%)	<0.001	398 (18.8%)	<0.001	276 (16.1%)	<0.001	195 (11.4%)	<0.001	285 (4.8%)
ED visit, any diagnosis related to opioid use	1,195 (7.4%)	485 (10.6%)	<0.001	227 (10.7%)	<0.001	144 (8.4%)	<0.001	123 (7.2%)	<0.001	216 (3.6%)
Any of the abovementioned relapse indicators	3,404 (21.2%)	1,288 (28.2%)	<0.001	640 (30.2%)	<0.001	444 (25.8%)	<0.001	351 (20.4%)	<0.001	681 (11.4%)
Utilization in the 12-month post-index period
Patients with an inpatient admission, n (%)	5,122 (31.8%)	2,025 (44.3%)	<0.001	869 (41.0%)	<0.001	644 (37.5%)	<0.001	517 (30.1%)	<0.001	1,067 (17.9%)
Patients with any ED visit, n (%)	7,314 (45.5%)	2,512 (55.0%)	<0.001	1,175 (55.5%)	<0.001	828 (48.2%)	<0.001	742 (43.2%)	<0.001	2,057 (34.5%)
Number of physician office visits per patient, mean (SD)	11.2 (10.0)	8.9 (10.1)	<0.001	9.9 (9.4)	0.046	10.7 (9.1)	0.015	12.1 (10.2)	0.717	13.2 (10.0)
Number of outpatient pharmacy claims per patient, mean (SD)	37.9 (29.7)	33.2 (33.5)	<0.001	34.6 (31.0)	<0.001	37.2 (28.5)	<0.001	39.6 (26.5)	<0.001	42.3 (26.4)
Costs in the 12-month post-index period, mean (SD)
Inpatient costs	$6,555 ($33,613)	$10,953 ($55,006)	<0.001	$8,792 ($27,193)	<0.001	$7,633 ($25,619)	<0.001	$5,689 ($22,657)	<0.001	$2,330 ($9,832)
Outpatient costs	$11,211 ($19,477)	$14,212 ($24,842)	<0.001	$12,436 ($20,936)	<0.001	$12,689 ($22,102)	<0.001	$10,556 ($21,553)	<0.001	$8,239 ($10,181)
ED costs	$1,029 ($2,905)	$1,510 ($3,742)	<0.001	$1,386 ($3,999)	<0.001	$1,162 ($2,932)	<0.001	$842 ($1,999)	<0.001	$549 ($1,504)
Outpatient physician office visit costs	$1,199 ($1,235)	$988 ($1,280)	<0.001	$1,100 ($1,185)	<0.001	$1,175 ($1,272)	<0.001	$1,299 ($1,242)	0.023	$1,373 ($1,173)
Other outpatient costs	$8,983 ($18,330)	$11,715 ($23,460)	<0.001	$9,950 ($18,987)	<0.001	$10,352 ($21,103)	<0.001	$8,415 ($20,929)	<0.001	$6,317 ($9,416)
Medical costs	$17,765 ($42,537)	$25,165 ($64,377)	<0.001	$21,228 ($39,620)	<0.001	$20,322 ($39,815)	<0.001	$16,245 ($34,271)	<0.001	$10,570 ($15,694)
Outpatient pharmacy costs	$5,241 ($6,073)	$3,360 ($6,707)	<0.001	$3,800 ($5,694)	<0.001	$4,635 ($5,506)	<0.001	$5,561 ($5,322)	<0.001	$7,275 ($5,379)
Total health care costs, mean (SD)	$23,006 ($43,643)	$28,525 ($65,851)	<0.001	$25,028 ($41,114)	<0.001	$24,957 ($41,455)	<0.001	$21,806 ($35,278)	<0.001	$17,844 ($17,642)
Relapse prevalence in the 12-month post-index period, n (%)
Continuous/episodic dependence following remission diagnosis	141 (2.5%)	11 (0.7%)	<0.001	9 (1.3%)	0.002	21 (3.5%)	0.961	18 (3.6%)	0.945	82 (3.5%)
Inpatient admission, primary diagnosis related to opioid useb	96 (1.7%)	44 (2.9%)	<0.001	17 (2.4%)	<0.001	14 (2.4%)	<0.001	<10 (<2.0%)	N/A	14 (0.6%)
Detoxification, any diagnosis related to opioid use	129 (2.3%)	58 (3.8%)	<0.001	25 (3.5%)	<0.001	17 (2.9%)	<0.001	11 (2.2%)	0.004	18 (0.8%)
ED visit, any diagnosis related to opioid use	604 (10.6%)	228 (15.0%)	<0.001	118 (16.5%)	<0.001	62 (10.4%)	<0.001	56 (11.0%)	<0.001	140 (6.0%)
Any of the abovementioned relapse indicators	853 (15.0%)	296 (19.5%)	<0.001	142 (19.8%)	<0.001	100 (16.8%)	<0.001	80 (15.8%)	<0.001	235 (10.0%)
Utilization in the 12-month post-index period
Patients with an inpatient admission, n (%)	1,645 (28.9%)	592 (39.0%)	<0.001	255 (35.6%)	<0.001	185 (31.1%)	<0.001	145 (28.6%)	<0.001	468 (19.9%)
Patients with any ED visit, n (%)	4,133 (72.7%)	1,209 (79.6%)	<0.001	569 (79.5%)	<0.001	450 (75.6%)	<0.001	376 (74.2%)	<0.001	1,529 (65.0%)
Number of physician office visits per patient, mean (SD)	10.6 (9.4)	8.3 (8.0)	<0.001	9.2 (7.5)	<0.001	10.1 (8.6)	<0.001	11.3 (8.8)	0.006	12.6 (10.5)
Number of outpatient pharmacy claims per patient, mean (SD)	47.6 (34.3)	42.6 (39.9)	<0.001	41.1 (32.6)	<0.001	46.6 (32.5)	<0.001	50.1 (32.0)	0.128	52.4 (31.0)
Costs in the 12-month post-index period, mean (SD)
Inpatient costs	$5,600 ($30,440)	$8,914 ($42,990)	<0.001	$8,535 ($44,359)	<0.001	$6,888 ($26,534)	<0.001	$5,137 ($24,979)	<0.001	$2,339 ($10,804)
Outpatient costs	$8,407 ($9,120)	$8,822 ($9,730)	0.009	$8,583 ($11,701)	0.181	$8,511 ($8,355)	0.234	$8,386 ($8,179)	0.420	$8,064 ($8,135)
ED costs	$1,115 ($2,327)	$1,604 ($2,883)	<0.001	$1,543 ($3,654)	<0.001	$1,217 ($2,127)	<0.001	$1,027 ($1,617)	<0.001	$661 ($1,243)
Outpatient physician office visit costs	$863 ($862)	$654 ($665)	<0.001	$744 ($667)	<0.001	$827 ($789)	<0.001	$916 ($840)	0.014	$1,033 ($1,003)
Other outpatient costs	$6,429 ($8,035)	$6,565 ($8,082)	0.447	$6,296 ($10,218)	0.834	$6,467 ($7,164)	0.778	$6,442 ($7,459)	0.845	$6,370 ($7,569)
Medical costs	$14,008 ($33,413)	$17,737 ($46,395)	<0.001	$17,118 ($47,841)	<0.001	$15,398 ($30,027)	<0.001	$13,523 ($27,473)	<0.001	$10,403 ($14,114)
Outpatient pharmacy costs	$5,880 ($7,316)	$3,555 ($7,621)	<0.001	$4,136 ($7,502)	<0.001	$4,665 ($4,223)	<0.001	$5,896 ($4,396)	<0.001	$8,218 ($7,480)
Total health care costs, mean (SD)	$19,888 ($34,652)	$21,292 ($47,595)	0.013	$21,254 ($48,923)	0.027	$20,063 ($31,044)	0.128	$19,419 ($28,713)	0.406	$18,621 ($17,020)

Notes:

^aBased on comparison with the PDC≥0.80 group.

^bDiagnoses related to opioid use included opioid dependence, opioid abuse or opioid overdose.

Abbreviations: ED, emergency department; MAT, medication-assisted treatment; OUD, opioid use disorder; PDC, proportion of days covered; N/A, not applicable.