Table 4.
Effectb | Commercial sample (n=16,085)
|
Medicaid sample (n=5,688)
|
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR, point estimate | 95% Wald
|
OR, point estimate | 95% Wald
|
|||
Confidence limits | Confidence limits | |||||
PDC: <0.20 (vs. PDC≥0.80) | 2.02 | 1.77 | 2.32 | 1.76 | 1.40 | 2.20 |
PDC: 0.20≤PDC<0.40 (vs. PDC≥0.80) | 2.33 | 1.99 | 2.74 | 1.90 | 1.45 | 2.50 |
PDC: 0.40≤PDC<0.60 (vs. PDC≥0.80) | 2.27 | 1.92 | 2.70 | 1.65 | 1.22 | 2.23 |
PDC: 0.60≤PDC<0.80 (vs. PDC≥0.80) | 1.65 | 1.37 | 1.98 | 1.48 | 1.06 | 2.06 |
Age | 0.99 | 0.98 | 0.99 | 0.98 | 0.97 | 0.99 |
Female sex (vs. male) | 0.97 | 0.87 | 1.08 | 0.87 | 0.72 | 1.07 |
Black race (vs. White) | N/A | N/A | N/A | 1.24 | 0.89 | 1.75 |
Hispanic race (vs. White) | N/A | N/A | N/A | 1.16 | 0.49 | 2.75 |
Other race (vs. White) | N/A | N/A | N/A | 1.52 | 1.06 | 2.18 |
Spouse relationship to policyholder (vs. employee) | 1.01 | 0.86 | 1.19 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Child/other relationship to policyholder (vs. employee) | 2.02 | 1.69 | 2.42 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Comprehensive/indemnity insurance plan type (vs. EPO/PPO) | 1.51 | 1.15 | 2.00 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
POS/POS with capitation insurance plan type (vs. EPO/PPO) | 0.90 | 0.76 | 1.07 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
HMO insurance plan type (vs. EPO/PPO) | 0.99 | 0.86 | 1.14 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
CDHP/HDHP insurance plan type (vs. EPO/PPO) | 0.91 | 0.74 | 1.21 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Medicaid managed care plan type (vs. non-managed care) | N/A | N/A | N/A | 1.10 | 0.91 | 1.34 |
Pre-index alcohol use disorder diagnosis (vs. no) | 1.22 | 1.05 | 1.42 | 1.18 | 0.90 | 1.56 |
Pre-index non-opioid drug use disorder diagnosis (vs. no) | 1.30 | 1.17 | 1.45 | 1.41 | 1.17 | 1.71 |
Pre-index severe mental illness diagnosis (vs. no) | 1.15 | 0.96 | 1.38 | 1.37 | 1.11 | 1.70 |
Pre-index other mental illness diagnosis (vs. no) | 1.17 | 1.04 | 1.31 | 1.02 | 0.85 | 1.23 |
Pre-index chronic pain condition diagnosis (vs. no) | 0.97 | 0.87 | 1.09 | 1.07 | 0.89 | 1.29 |
Notes:
Based on logistic regression models; examination of variance inflation factors confirmed the absence of high correlation between covariates.
Covariates differed for the Commercial and Medicaid models due to differences in the underlying databases used for the analysis; variables not included in a model are denoted with “N/A”.
Abbreviations: CDHP, consumer-driven health plan; EPO, exclusive provider organization; HDHP, high deductible health plan; HMO, health maintenance organization; MAT, medication-assisted treatment; OUD, opioid use disorder; PDC, proportion of days covered; POS, point of service plan; PPO, preferred provider organization; N/A, not applicable.