Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and morbidity of the study cohort
| Variable | Value (n = 402) |
|---|---|
| Neonatal characteristics | |
| Gestational age (wk) | 28.5 ± 2.8 |
| Birth weight (g) | 1,027.2 ± 304.4 |
| Male | 206 (51.2) |
| Multiple births | 94 (23.4) |
| Maternal age (yr) | 33.6 ± 17.1 |
| Pre-eclampsia | 69 (16.9) |
| Cesarean section | 305 (75.1) |
| Antenatal steroid use | 363 (90.3) |
| Apgar score at 1 min | 5.0 (3–7) |
| Apgar score at 5 min | 7.0 (1–9) |
| IUGR | 133 (33.1) |
| Neonatal morbidity | |
| RDS | 238 (59.2) |
| Significant PDA | 167 (41.5) |
| Moderate to severe BPD | 105 (26.1) |
| Postnatal steroid therapy | 96 (23.9) |
| Duration of oxygen supply (day) | 40.4±2.1 |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 12 (3.0) |
| Severe neurologic injury (IVH ≥ grade 3 or PVL) | 43 (7.8) |
| NEC (≥ stage 2) | 19 (4.7) |
| ROP (any stage) | 97 (24.1) |
| Type 1 ROP | 46 (11.4) |
| Anti-VEGF therapy | 14 (2.7) |
| LOS | 88 (21.9) |
| Hospital stay (day) | 67.4 ± 35.0 |
| Mortality | 16 (3.9) |
Values are presented as mean ± SD, number (%), or mean (IQR).
IUGR, intrauterine growth retardation; RDS, respiratory distress syndrome; PDA, patent ductus arteriosus; BPD, bronchopulmonary dysplasia; IVH, intraventricular hemorrhage; PVL, periventricular leukomalacia; NEC, necrotizing enterocolitis; ROP, retinopathy of prematurity; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; LOS, late-onset sepsis; SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range.