Table 3.
Univariate and multivariate analyses of the relationship between recurrence‐free survival and clinicopathological factors
| Factors | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | P | HR | 95% CI | P | |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| < 70 | 1.00 | |||||
| ≥ 70 | 1.18 | 0.34–4.61 | 0.80 | |||
| Gender | ||||||
| Female | 1.00 | |||||
| Male | 1.22 | 0.34–4.38 | 0.76 | |||
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Never‐smoker | 1.00 | |||||
| Smoker | 1.53 | 0.44–5.99 | 0.51 | |||
| CEA (ng/mL)† | ||||||
| ≤ 3.2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| > 3.2 | 4.51 | 1.28–17.68 | 0.02 | 6.78 | 1.63–35.95 | < 0.01 |
| Surgical procedure | ||||||
| Wedge resection | 1.00 | |||||
| Segmentectomy | 0.56 | 0.12–2.06 | 0.40 | |||
| Pathological tumor stage | ||||||
| 1a/1b | 1.00 | |||||
| 2a | 3.09 | 0.66–11.15 | 0.14 | |||
| Histological differentiation | ||||||
| Grade 1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| ≥ Grade 2 | 16.00 | 3.92–107.53 | < 0.01 | 15.43 | 3.14–126.73 | < 0.01 |
| pl | ||||||
| Negative | 1.00 | |||||
| Positive | 2.59 | 0.39–10.40 | 0.28 | |||
| ly | ||||||
| Negative | 1.00 | |||||
| Positive | 4.24 | 0.23–22.68 | 0.25 | |||
| v | ||||||
| Negative | 1.00 | |||||
| Positive | 3.65 | 0.55–14.77 | 0.16 | |||
| STAS | ||||||
| Negative | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Positive | 18.02 | 3.38–332.25 | < 0.01 | 9.74 | 1.78–181.19 | < 0.01 |
†
Cases in which data were available.
CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; ly, lymphatic invasion; pl, pleural invasion; STAS, spread through air spaces; v, vascular invasion.