Table 10.

Diagnostic criteria for hepatorenal syndrome by the International Club of Ascites in 2015 [282]

Diagnostic criteria
1) Diagnosis of cirrhosis and ascites
2) Diagnosis of AKI according to ICA-AKI criteria
3) No response after 2 consecutive days of diuretic withdrawal and plasma volume expansion with albumin (1 g/kg body weight)
4) Absence of shock
5) No current or recent use of nephrotoxic drugs (NSAIDs, aminoglycosides, iodinated contrast media, etc.)
6) No macroscopic signs of structural kidney injury, defined as:
- Absence of proteinuria (>500 mg/day)
- Absence of microhematuria (>50 RBCs per high-power field)
- Normal findings on renal ultrasonography

AKI, acute kidney injury; ICA-AKI, International Club of Ascites-Acute Kidney Injury; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; RBCs, red blood cells.