Table 5.
Multivariable Hazard Ratios for Total Cardiovascular Disease, Coronary Heart Disease, and Type 2 Diabetes for a 20% Increase in Calibrated Total Sugars From Energy Partition Models, by Body Mass Index Category, From Baseline (1993–1998) Through September 30, 2010, Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study
| Disease Outcome | Total No. | BMIa | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <25.0b | 25.0–29.9b | ≥30.0b | ||||||||
| No. of Cases | HR | 95% CI | No. of Cases | HR | 95% CI | No. of Cases | HR | 95% CI | ||
| Total CVDc | 64,751 | 1,986 | 0.95 | 0.82, 1.11 | 2,064 | 0.90 | 0.81, 1.01 | 1,752 | 0.95 | 0.86, 1.07 |
| CHDc | 64,751 | 1,416 | 0.93 | 0.77, 1.11 | 1,511 | 0.87 | 0.76, 0.99 | 1,364 | 0.95 | 0.82, 1.10 |
| T2Dd | 75,320 | 1,318 | 0.91 | 0.79, 1.04 | 2,126 | 0.90 | 0.78, 1.04 | 3,177 | 0.94 | 0.86, 1.03 |
Abbreviations: AREE, activity-related energy expenditure; BMI, body mass index; CHD, coronary heart disease; CI, confidence interval; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HR, hazard ratio; T2D, type 2 diabetes.
a Body weight (kg)/height (m)2.
b Total number of participants by BMI category: BMI <25.0: CVD/CHD cohort, n = 27,396, T2D cohort, n = 32,093; BMI = 25.0–29.9: CVD/CHD cohort, n = 21,806, T2D cohort, n = 25,379; BMI ≥30.0: CVD/CHD cohort, n = 15,549, T2D cohort, n = 17,848.
c Multivariable models were stratified by 5-year age groups and adjusted for age as a continuous variable, calibrated nonsugars and nonalcohol energy (kcal/day), race and ethnicity (white, black, Hispanic, or other races), educational level (high school or less, more than high school, or college degree or higher), smoking status (never, past smoker, or current smoker), history of treated hypertension (yes or no), treated hypercholesterolemia (yes or no), family history of CVD (yes or no), hormone therapy use (never, estrogen alone, or estrogen plus progestin), alcohol consumption (never drinker, past drinker, <1 per month, 1–3 per month, 1–6 per week, and ≥7 per week), calibrated AREE, and calibrated ratio of sodium to potassium intake.
d Multivariable models were stratified by 5-year age groups and adjusted for age as continuous variable, calibrated nonsugars and nonalcohol energy (kcal/day), ace and ethnicity (white, black, Hispanic, American Indians, Asian/Pacific Islanders, or other or unknown), marital status (never married, divorced or separated, presently married or living as married, and widowed), educational level (0–8 years, some high school, high school diploma or General Educational Development diploma, school after high school, or college degree or higher), smoking status (never, past smoker, and current smoker), hormone therapy use (never, estrogen alone, and estrogen plus progestin user), history of treated hypertension (yes or no), history of cardiovascular disease (yes or no), family history of T2D (yes or no), history of treated hypercholesterolemia (yes or no), alcohol consumption never drinker, past drinker, <1 per month, 1–3 per month, 1–6 per week, and ≥7 per week), calibrated AREE, and calibrated protein intake (g/day).