Table 3. Baseline hormone and receptor levels by nutritional group

Hormone	Control (a)			MAM (b)			SAM (c)			Geometric mean ratio (95% CI) (b vs. a)	Geometric mean ratio (95% CI) (c vs. a)
	Fasted	Fed	pa	Fasted	Fed	pa	Fasted	Fed	pa
Leptin, ng/ml, median (IQR)	1.4	1.3	0.52	0.7	0.6	0.49	0.4	0.3	0.13	0.4	0.3
	(1.1–2.3)	(1.3–2.1)		(0.5–0.8)	(0.4–0.9)		(0.3, 0.7)	(0.2, 0.7)		(0.2, 0.6)**	(0.2, 0.5)**
sOBR, ng/ml, median (IQR)	53.1	57.5	0.88	62.9	68.6	0.21	71.2	67	0.70	1.2	1.2
	(42.5–65.2)	(48.8–65.7)		(75.3–46.4)	(54.8–74.8)		(55.9–78.6)	(55.8–89.1)		(0.9, 1.4)	(1.0, 1.5)**
Molar excess sOBR/leptin	4.4	4.7	0.43	12.1	14.5	0.06	23.7	28.6	0.07	3.4	4.9
	(2.4–5.6)	(3.5–5.6)		(9.8–17.3)	(8.2–23.7)		(12.2–32.2)	(14.7–38.2)		(1.9, 6.1)**	(2.8, 8.6) **
Total ghrelin ng/ml, median (IQR)	0.8	0.8	0.73	1.0	0.9	0.97	1.20	1.2	0.33	1.3	1.6
	(0.7–1.0)	(0.7–0.9)		(0.7–1.2)	(0.8–1.1)		(0.81–1.70)	(0.9–1.5)		(0.9, 1.8)	(1.1, 2.3)**
IGF-1, ng/ml, median (IQR)	26.2	24.5	0.49	17.8	17.2	0.15	12.5	13.0	0.79	0.7	0.5
	(19.2–42.9)	(16.5–36.9)		(13.8–32.3)	(8.7–34.0)		(9.1–17.0)	(7.8–17.0)		(0.5, 1.1)	(0.3, 0.7)**
IGFBP3, ng/ml, median (IQR)	1039.1	1073.4	0.33	990.5	937.1	0.68	697.2	747.6	0.19	0.9	0.7
	(730.1–1420.7)	(762.7–1430.6)		(834.5–1207.6)	(709.2–1258.2)		(614.0–846.4)	(559.8–944.2)		(0.6, 1.1)	(0.5, 0.9)**
Molar ratio IGF1:IGFBP3	0.09	0.09	0.36	0.08	0.07	0.74	0.07	0.07	0.35	0.8	0.7
	(0.07–0.1)	(0.06–0.1)		(0.06–0.1)	(0.05–0.1)		(0.05–0.09)	(0.05–0.08)		(0.6, 1.1)	(0.6, 0.9)**
Cortisol, µ/dl, median (IQR)	9.7	–	–	11.1	–	–	12.9	–	–	1.2	1.4
	(7.9–14.6)			(8.8–19.5)			(11.1–17.1)			(0.8, 1.7)	(0.9, 1.9)*
C-peptide, pM, median (IQR)	240.7	–	–	212.3	–	–	218.9	–	–	1.1	1.2
	(129.3–309.6)			(154.8–294.7)			(145.7–464.5)			(0.7, 1.8)	(0.7, 2.0)
Insulin, µIU/ml, median (IQR)	2.1	–	–	2.2	–	–	1.1	–	–	1.0	0.7
	(1.1–4.4)			(0–5.9)			(0–3.05)			(0.4, 2.3)	(0.3, 1.7)

IQR, interquartile range;

^aWilcoxon signed-rank test comparing fasted and fed hormonal levels.

^*Bonferroni-adjusted p < 0.10.

^**Bonferroni-adjusted p < 0.05.