Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies.
| Study | Patient recruitment | Country | Sample size | Treatment arms | Age (years) | Study design | Cognitive measurement | Surgery |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chan et al., 2013 | Jan 2007–Dec 2009 | China | 921 | BIS-guided (462) and control (459) | >60 | RCT | Cognitive Failure Questionnaire (CFQ) | Non-cardiac |
| Radtke et al., 2013 | March 2009–May 2010 | Germany | 1155 | BIS-guided (575) and control (580) | >60 | RCT | Reliable Change Index and neuropsychological test | Non-cardiac |
| Jildenstål et al., 2011 | Jan 2005–April 2008 | Sweden | 450 | AEP-guided (224) and control (226) | 18–92 | RCT | The Mini-Mental Test (MMT) and CFQ | Cardiac or thoracic |
| Whitlock et al., 2014 | Aug 2009-April 2010 | US | 310 | BIS-guided (149) and control (161) | >60 | RCT | Confusion Assessment Method (CAM)-ICU | Cardiac or thoracic |
| Jildenstål et al., 2012 | Sept 2010–Feb 2011 | Sweden | 32 | AEP-guided (16) and control (16) | ∼ 60 | RCT | Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), CAM and CFQ | Cardiac or thoracic |
Abbreviations: BIS, bispectral index; AEP, auditory evoked potential; RCT, randomized controlled trial.