Table 1. Demographic and baseline characteristics.
| Variable | CMNR | UCNR | UCUC | CMCM | UCCM | CMUC | Statistical test, p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 23 | 28 | 61 | 80 | 79 | 89 | |
| Clinic, % (n) | χ2 (15) = 20.92, .14 | ||||||
| A | 21.7 (5) | 10.7 (3) | 37.7 (23) | 28.8 (23) | 30.4 (24) | 29.2 (26) | |
| B | 17.4 (4) | 10.7 (3) | 9.8 (6) | 8.8 (7) | 7.6 (6) | 7.9 (7) | |
| C | 47.8 (11) | 60.7 (17) | 23.0 (14) | 35.0 (28) | 36.7 (29) | 44. 9 (40) | |
| D | 13.0 (3) | 17.9 (5) | 29.5 (18) | 27.5 (22) | 25.3 (20) | 18.0 (16) | |
| Age | 40.1 (2.1) | 34.9 (9.0) | 40.6 (9.8) | 37.4 (10.0) | 37.3 (9.4) | 38.3 (10.3) | F(5,354)=1.53, .18 |
| Male, % (n) | 43.5 (10) | 60.7 (17) | 45.9 (28) | 45.0 (36) | 48.1 (38) | 48.3 (43) | χ2 (5) = 2.40, .79 |
| Years of education | 12.0 (1.9) | 12.3 (1.6) | 11.5 (1.7) | 11.8 (1.8) | 11.7 (1.9) | 11.9 (2.0) | F(5,352)=0.80, .55 |
| Never married, % (n) | 60.9 (14) | 64.3 (18) | 50.8 (31) | 58.8 (47) | 64.6 (51) | 62.9 (56) | χ2 (5) = 3.41, .64 |
| Income | $9,009 (17,826) |
$13,768 (20,723) |
$4,391 (9,230) |
$5,841 (10,470) |
$6,220 (16,339) |
$6,504 (14,604) |
F(5,354) =1.91, .09 |
| Race, % (n) | χ2 (10) = 12.81, .24 | ||||||
| African American | 34.8 (8) | 28.6 (8) | 41.0 (25) | 23.8 (19) | 25.3 (20) | 37.1 (33) | |
| European American | 65.2 (15) | 64.3 (18) | 47.5 (29) | 62.5 (50) | 67.1 (53) | 53.9 (48) | |
| Other | 0 (0) | 7.1 (2) | 11.5 (7) | 13.8 (11) | 7.6 (6) | 9.0 (8) | |
| Hispanic ethnicity, % (n) | 17.4 (4) | 14.3 (4) | 14.8 (9) | 26.3 (21) | 20.3 (16) | 19.1 (17) | χ2 (10) = 7.42, .69 |
| Past year DSM-IV dependence, % (n) | |||||||
| Cocaine | 95.7 (22) | 96.4 (27) | 96.7 (59) | 97.5 (78) | 96.2 (76) | 98.9 (88) | χ2 (5) = 1.56, .91 |
| Opioids | 56.5 (13) | 60.7 (17) | 44.3 (27) | 63.8 (51) | 51.9 (41) | 51.7 (46) | χ2 (5) = 6.29, .28 |
| Marijuana | 8.7 (2) | 46.4 (13) | 31.1 (19) | 20.0 (16) | 21.5 (17) | 27.0 (24) | χ2 (5) = 13.00, .02 |
| Alcohol | 43.5 (10) | 53.6 (15) | 45.9 (28) | 36.3 (29) | 50.6 (40) | 51.7 (46) | χ2 (5) = 5.53, .35 |
| Sample positive, % (n) | |||||||
| Cocaine | 30.4 (7) | 21.4 (6) | 14.8 (9) | 20.0 (16) | 16.5 (13) | 18.0 (16) | χ2 (5) = 3.24, .66 |
| Opioids | 8.7 (2) | 14.3 (4) | 4.9 (3) | 8.8 (7) | 8.9 (7) | 9.0 (8) | χ2 (5) = 2.23, .82 |
| Marijuana | 8.7 (2) | 28.6 (8) | 11.5 (7) | 8.8 (7) | 10.1 (8) | 15.7 (14) | χ2 (5) = 9.06, .11 |
| Alcohol (breath sample) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -- |
| Days of use in past 30 | |||||||
| Cocaine | 4.5 (6.1) | 4.4 (6.7) | 5.0 (8.5) | 2.8 (5.5) | 4.6 (6.6) | 4.5 (7.0) | F(5,354)=0.93, .46 |
| Opioids | 2.4 (4.3) | 3.1 (6.9) | 0.5 (1.7) | 2.0 (5.2) | 1.8 (4.6) | 2.3 (6.0) | F(5,354)=1.49, .19 |
| Marijuana | 0.7 (2.3) | 4.9 (9.6) | 2.1 (5.6) | 1.5 (4.5) | 2.1 (6.1) | 3.4 (8.1) | F(5,354)=1.90, .09 |
| Alcohol | 1.6 (2.7) | 3.4 (6.2) | 2.6 (5.8) | 1.5 (3.7) | 2.5 (4.5) | 2.6 (5.1) | F(5,354)=0.99, .43 |
| Addiction Severity Index scores | |||||||
| Medical | 0.20 (0.34) | 0.31 (0.41) | 0.27 (0.38) | 0.30 (0.38) | 0.34 (0.39) | 0.33 (0.39) | F(5,354)=0.70, .62 |
| Employment | 0.83 (0.25) | 0.72 (0.28) | 0.76 (0.25) | 0.74 (0.28) | 0.82 (0.25) | 0.76 (0.28) | F(5,354)=1.20, .31 |
| Alcohol | 0.12 (0.20) | 0.15 (0.23) | 0.11 (0.21) | 0.09 (0.17) | 0.14 (0.22) | 0.18 (0.25) | F(5,354)=1.62, .16 |
| Drug | 0.15 (0.11) | 0.22 (0.12) | 0.15 (0.13) | 0.18 (0.11) | 0.17 (0.11) | 0.18 (0.12) | F(5,354)=1.65, .15 |
| Legal | 0.16 (0.22) | 0.08 (0.16) | 0.10 (0.18) | 0.06 (0.14) | 0.14 (0.22) | 0.18 (0.25) | F(5,354)=3.67, .003 |
| Family/social | 0.19 (0.23) | 0.27 (0.24) | 0.17 (0.22) | 0.20 (0.23) | 0.16 (0.21) | 0.21 (0.24) | F(5,352)=1.00, .42 |
| Psychiatric | 0.27 (0.24) | 0.34 (0.23) | 0.31 (0.24) | 0.33 (0.21) | 0.30 (0.22) | 0.28 (0.24) | F(5,354)=0.61, .69 |
Notes. Values are means (with standard deviations in parentheses) unless noted. CM = contingency management. NR = not randomized at week 6. UC = usual care.