Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants enrolled in this study
| Characteristics | Total (n = 2612) | Non-NAFLD (n = 1237, 47.4%) | NAFLD (n = 1375, 52.6%) | Statistics | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean ± SD), years | 53.6 ± 8.6 | 52.5 ± 8.6 | 54.6 ± 8.3 | −6.13* | <0.01 |
| Male, n (%) | 1091 (41.8) | 384 (31.0) | 707 (51.4) | 111.15† | <0.01 |
| Education level, n (%) | |||||
| Primary school or low | 207 (7.9) | 88 (7.1) | 119 (8.7) | 7.88† | 0.02 |
| Middle or high school | 1510 (57.8) | 693 (56.0) | 817 (59.4) | ||
| College or above | 895 (34.3) | 456 (36.9) | 439 (31.9) | ||
| Income per month, n (%) | |||||
| < RMB 3000 Yuan | 1354 (51.8) | 625 (50.5) | 729 (53.0) | 1.75† | 0.42 |
| RMB 3000–5000 Yuan | 1112 (42.6) | 543 (43.9) | 569 (41.4) | ||
| > RMB 5000 Yuan | 146 (5.6) | 69 (5.6) | 77 (5.6) | ||
| Physical activity, n (%) | |||||
| Inactive | 819 (31.4) | 385 (31.1) | 434 (31.6) | 0.70† | 0.71 |
| Moderately active | 189 (7.2) | 95 (7.7) | 94 (6.8) | ||
| Active | 1604 (61.4) | 757 (61.2) | 847 (61.6) | ||
| Smoking, n (%) | |||||
| Never | 1984 (76.0) | 1029 (83.2) | 955 (69.4) | 68.72† | <0.01 |
| Current | 520 (19.9) | 178 (14.4) | 342 (24.9) | ||
| Past | 108 (4.1) | 30 (2.4) | 78 (5.7) | ||
| Diabetes, n (%) | 290 (11.1) | 74 (6.0) | 216 (15.7) | 62.42† | <0.01 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 1134 (42.4) | 353 (28.5) | 781 (56.8) | 211.74† | <0.01 |
| WHR (mean ± SD) | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | −20.25* | <0.01 |
| TG (median [IQR]), mmol/L | 1.3 (0.3, 21.8) | 1.1 (0.3, 15.6) | 1.7 (0.4, 21.8) | −21.06‡ | <0.01 |
| TC (mean ± SD), mmol/L | 4.7 ± 0.9 | 4.6 ± 0.8 | 4.8 ± 1.0 | −7.56* | <0.01 |
| HDL-C (mean ± SD), mmol/L | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 16.47* | <0.01 |
| LDL-C (mean ± SD), mmol/L | 2.6 ± 0.6 | 2.5 ± 0.6 | 2.8 ± 0.6 | −9.95* | <0.01 |
| CIMT, n (%) | 673 (25.8) | 261 (21.1) | 412 (30.0) | 26.75† | <0.01 |
| Carotid stenosis, n (%) | |||||
| Normal | 2005 (76.8) | 1042 (84.2) | 963 (70.0) | 83.13† | <0.01 |
| <50% stenosis | 372 (14.2) | 138 (11.2) | 234 (17.0) | ||
| ≥50% stenosis | 235 (9.0) | 57 (4.6) | 178 (13.0) | ||
| Carotid plaque, n (%) | |||||
| Normal | 2125 (81.4) | 1051 (85.0) | 1074 (78.1) | 21.20† | <0.01 |
| Stable plaque | 61 (2.3) | 27 (2.2) | 34 (2.5) | ||
| Unstable plaque | 426 (16.3) | 159 (12.8) | 267 (19.4) |
*: t values; †: χ2 values; ‡: Z values. NAFLD: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; WHR: Waist-hip ratio; TG: Triglyceride; TC: Total cholesterol; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; CIMT: Carotid intima-media thickness; SD: Standard deviation; IQR: Interquartile range.