Table 3.

The effect on musculoskeletal pain at follow-up from working conditions in participants with no pain at baseline

	Individual-level measurement		Job exposure matrix (JEM)
	Difference in mean number of painful body regions*	P values	Difference in mean number of painful body regions*	P values
Continuous exposures
Physical work demands, per one point increase of score (8–48)
Men	0.02	<0.001	0.02	0.0111
Women	0.03	<0.001	0.02	0.0010
Quantitative demands, per one point increase score (1–5)
Men	0.01	0.7141	−0.23	0.1319
Women	0.04	0.3241	−0.18	0.2400
Emotional demands, per one point increase of score (1–5)
Men	0.00	0.9030	−0.03	0.6799
Women	0.06	0.0494	0.05	0.3914
Decision authority, per one point increase of score (1–5)
Men	−0.12	0.0008	−0.27	0.0780
Women	−0.01	0.8668	−0.00	0.9881
Dichotomous expsoures†
Job strain
Men	0.03	0.5588	−0.07	0.8017
Women	0.02	0.8386	0.03	0.9402
High job insecurity
Men	0.13	0.1729	0.19	0.5957
Women	0.11	0.2685	0.21	0.6230
Violence
Men	0.09	0.5899	0.66	0.0598
Women	0.16	0.0419	0.43	0.1060

*Adjusted for baseline age and education. The number of painful body regions ranges from 0 to 5.

†Association estimates for dichotomous exposures compare high versus low (violence and job strain: yes/no) in individual-level analyses and the risk associated with a 1% increased risk of exposure in JEM-level analyses.