Table 4.

The effect on musculoskeletal pain at follow-up from working conditions in participants with one or more pain sites at baseline

	Individual-level measurement		Job exposure matrix (JEM)
	Difference in mean number of painful body regions*	P values	Difference in mean number of painful body regions*	P values
Continuous exposures
Physical work demands, per one point increase of score (8–48)
Men	0.03	<0.001	0.04	<0.001
Women	0.02	<0.001	0.02	<0.001
Quantitative demands, per one point increase score (1–5)
Men	−0.02	0.5407	−0.63	<0.001
Women	−0.02	0.5256	−0.28	0.0268
Emotional demands, per one point increase of score (1–5)
Men	0.00	0.8444	−0.07	0.3024
Women	0.03	0.2188	0.06	0.1801
Decision authority, per one point increase of score (1–5)
Men	−0.12	0.0001	−0.48	0.0003
Women	−0.08	0.0096	−0.28	0.0857
Dichotomous expsoures†
Job strain
Men	0.08	0.1494	−0.30	0.2181
Women	0.09	0.1979	0.22	0.5195
High job insecurity
Men	0.05	0.5296	1.03	0.0011
Women	0.05	0.4322	0.27	0.4095
Violence
Men	0.22	0.0943	−0.04	0.8870
Women	0.16	0.0419	0.73	0.0002

*Adjusted for baseline musculoskeletal pain, age and education. The number of painful body regions ranges from 0 to 5.

†Association estimates for dichotomous exposures compare high versus low (violence and job strain: yes/no) in individual-level analyses and the risk associated with a 1% increased risk of exposure in JEM-level analyses.