Table 2.

Frequencies of reporting perceived concerns, withholding voice and speaking up for at least once in the past 4 weeks (dichotomised) by professional group (n=979 with non-missing clinical function data)

In everyday work, it sometimes happens that things go wrong and risks to patients arise. This could be as a result of medication error, poor hand hygiene or missing documentation. Over the last 4 weeks, how frequently…
		Relative frequencies
		Total (%)	Nurses (%)	Doctors (%)
Perceived concerns (Cronbach’ s a lpha = 0.77)
PC1	… have you had specific concerns about patient safety?	80.0	80.4	78.5
PC2	… have you observed an error which—if uncaptured—could be harmful to patients?	61.9	61.7	62.4
PC3	… have often have you noticed that your workplace colleagues haven’t followed important patient safety rules, intentionally or unintentionally?	65.8	68.5	55.6
Withholding voice (Cronbach’s alpha=0.71)
WV1	… did you choose not to bring up your specific concerns about patient safety?	33.4	34.4	29.9
WV2	… did you keep ideas for improving patient safety in your unit to yourself?	39.0	41.1	31.2
WV3	… did you remain silent when you had information that might have prevented a safety incident in your unit?	18.8	19.8	14.8
WV4	… did you not address a colleague (doctors and/or nurses) if he/she didn’t follow important patient safety rules, intentionally or unintentionally?	39.4	42.7	27.3
Speaking up (Cronbach’s alpha=0.86)
SU1	… did you bring up specific concerns about patient safety?	75.8	76.8	71.7
SU2	… did you address an error which—if uncaptured—could be harmful for patients ?	69.6	70.2	67.7
SU3	… did you address a colleague (doctors and/or nurses) when he/she didn’t follow important patient safety rules, intentionally or unintentionally?	64.0	66.5	54.5
SU4	… did you prevent an incident from occurring as a consequence of bringing up specific concerns about patient safety?	54.5	56.4	47.3