Table 1. Baseline characteristics.
| Characteristic | NRT group (n = 10) | END group (n = 20) |
|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||
| Male | 9 (90.0%) | 18 (90.0%) |
| Age (years) | 53 (10.6) | 54 (12.7) |
| Height (cm) | 179.8 (8.9) | 180.7 (7.7) |
| Weight (kg) | 92 (25.9) | 97 (19.7) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 28.5 (7.9) | 29.6 (5.8) |
| Race (white) | 5 (50.0%) | 11 (55.0%) |
| Ethnicity (latino) | 0 (0%) | 2 (10.0%) |
| Surgery Details | ||
| General surgery | 3 (30.0%) | 5 (25.0%) |
| Orthopedic surgery | 2 (20.0%) | 6 (30.0%) |
| Neurosurgery | 1 (10.0%) | 1 (5.0%) |
| Vascular surgery | 1 (5.0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Other surgery typea | 4 (40.0%) | 7 (35.0%) |
| Ambulatory surgery | 7 (70.0%) | 13 (65.0%) |
| Days seen prior to scheduled surgery | 16.5 (9.5) | 11.2 (7.9) |
| Comorbidities | ||
| Diabetes | 0 (0%) | 2 (10.0%) |
| Hypertension | 3 (30.0%) | 7 (35.0%) |
| Heart diseaseb | 0 (0%) | 1 (5.0%) |
| COPD | 1 (10.0%) | 6 (30.0%) |
| Smoking Habits | ||
| Cigarettes smoked per day | 10.8 (6.6) | 15.3 (10.5) |
| Number of years smoking | 32 (16.4) | 32 (15.6) |
| Pack-years smoking history | 16.7 (12.1) | 26.4 (27.0) |
| Fagerström score (out of 10) | 2.5 (0.85) | 3.7 (2.6) |
| Laboratory indices | ||
| Salivary cotinine (ng/ml) | 130.1 (75.3) | 209.6 (110.3) |
| Exhaled CO level (ppm) | 16.1 (7.7) | 21.7 (11.5) |
| FEV1 (L) | 3.14 (1.35) | 2.78 (1.11) |
| FVC (L) | 3.52 (1.28) | 4.03 (1.32) |
| FEV1/FVC ratio (%) | 105% (81.3%) | 68.2% (13.0%) |
Notes.
Values are mean (SD) or n (percentage). Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding.
- NRT
- nicotine replacement therapy
- END
- electronic nicotine delivery (e-cigarette)
- BMI
- body mass index = (weight (kg)/height2 (m2))
- COPD
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- CO
- carbon monoxide
- FEV1
- forced expiratory volume in first second
- FVC
- forced vital capacity
a
Other surgery includes ophthalmology, urology, otolaryngology, plastics, gynecology and podiatry.
b
Heart disease defined as coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, or arrhythmia.