Table 3. Laboratory outcomes.
Continuous outcomes (laboratory, spirometry, and percent reduction in cigarettes smoked per day).
| Outcome | NRT group | END group | Difference(95% CI of difference) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day of surgery | (n = 10) | (n = 18a) | ||
| FEV1 (ml) change | −236 (585) | −163 (549) | 73 (−383 to +528) | 0.75 |
| FEV1/FVC ratio (%) change | −32.2% (74%) | −1.6% (8.2%) | +30.6% (−5.3% to +66.5%) | 0.09 |
| Cotinine (ng/ml) change | +106 (137) | +19 (119) | −87 (−189 to +14) | 0.09 |
| Exhaled CO (ppm) change | +1.9 (7.2) | −1.7 (10.7) | −3.6 (−11.4 to +4.2) | 0.35 |
| Percentage reduction of cigarettes smoked per day | 49% (45%) | 59% (37%) | 10% (42% to −22%) | 0.52 |
| 30-days postoperatively | ||||
| Percentage reduction of cigarettes smoked per day | 51% (31%) | 33% (49%) | −18% (22% to −61%) | 0.39 |
| 8-weeks after randomization | (n = 8) | (n = 18) | ||
| FEV1 (ml) change | −300 (497) | +292 (503) | +592 (+153 to +1032) | 0.01 |
| FEV1/FVC ratio (%) change | −38.1% (79.2%) | +2.0% (10.5%) | +40.1% (+1.8% to +78.4%) | 0.04 |
| Cotinine (ng/ml) change | +34 (89) | −48 (103) | −82 (−169 to +5) | 0.06 |
| Exhaled CO (ppm) change | +7.1 (11.0) | −2.1 (12.2) | −9.2 (−19.6 to +1.2) | 0.08 |
| Percentage reduction of cigarettes smoked per day | 47% (41%) | 64% (31%) | 17% (45% to −12%) | 0.23 |
| 6 months after randomization | ||||
| Percentage reduction of cigarettes smoked per day | 56% (31%) | 33% (35%) | −23% (8% to −55%) | 0.14 |
Notes.
All values are reported as changes compared to baseline.
- CO
- carbon monoxide
- FEV1
- forced expiratory volume in first second
- FVC
- forced vital capacity
Values are mean (standard deviation). p-values from two-sided t-tests.
Percentage reduction of cigarettes smoked per day refers to the reduction in smoking compared to baseline, where cessation would be 100% reduction and reducing from 20 cigarettes per day to 10 cigarettes per day would be a 50% reduction.
a
n = 18 for day of surgery FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and cotinine, but n = 19 for exhaled CO because one patient in the END group agreed to do exhaled CO, but refused all other tests.